非谓语动词的构成及其用法

动词的非谓语形式有三种：1.不定式，由to+动词原形构成，to为不定式符号，并无实际意义。2.动名词，由动词+ing构成。3.分词1）现在分词,由动词+ing构成2）过去分词,由动词+ed构成。Growingflowersismyhobby.Thankyouforhelpingus.Ihopetoseeyouagain.在一个句子中，已经存在一个谓语动词，而又没有连词的情况下，其他的动词就需要使用非谓语形式。Shegotoffthebus,_______(leave)herhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but_____(leave)herhandbagonherseat.leavingleft不定式的时态和语态不定式主动态被动态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoing无tohavebeendoing无1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般式。Hewantedtoseeyou.2.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用完成形式。Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.3.强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用不定式的进行形式。WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabook.4.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，用被动语态。Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.动名词的时态和语态动名词主动态被动态一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone1.动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作或是与谓语动词同时发生的动作。Weareinterestedinclimbingmountains.Iprefersingingtodancing.2.如果强调动名词的动作已经完成，要用完成形式。Hewaspraisedforhavingpassedtheexam.3.如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，也要用完成形式。HeisproudofhavingbeensenttoworkinTibet.4.当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是该动名词动作的承受者，这个动名词要用被动形式。HerememberedbeingtakentoBeijingwhenhewasachild.分词的时态和语态现在分词主动态被动态一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone现在分词表主动、进行，过去分词表示被动、完成。分词与其逻辑主语的关系是主动的用现在分词；是被动的，要用过去分词。1.________(look)outofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.________(see)fromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,__________(follow)manystudents.4.Theteachercamein,_________(follow)bymanystudents.LookingSeenfollowingfollowed如果强调一个被动的动作正在进行，要用分词的被动形式beingdone。Beingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,Iwenthome.Havingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.非谓语动词的否定形式•所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是直接在其前面加上not.•不定式的否定形式：nottodo•动名词的否定形式：notdoing•现在分词的否定形式：notdoing•过去分词的否定形式：notdone1.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter________afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive2.-Imustapologizefor________aheadoftime.-That'sallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow3.________theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedABC不定式、动名词用作主语1.直接作主语：Seeingisbelieving.Smokingisnotagoodhabit.Toseeistobelieve.Tosmokehereisdangerous.2.用it作形式主语It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.It’snotdifficultforyoutolearnEnglishgrammarwell.动名词与不定式作主语时的区别1.对称原则:主语和表语对称Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.2.动名词做主语表示抽象的、经常性的动作，不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作。Climbingmountainsisinteresting.Toclimbthismountainwilltakeustwohours.3.不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，而把不定式短语后置。Itwilltakeustwohourstoclimbthemountain.固定句型:1.It’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…在暗淡的灯光下看书不好。Itisnogoodreadingindimlight.2.It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthItisverykindofyoutohelpus.3.It’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth我们学好英语很重要。ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.不定式、动名词作宾语•Hechosenottogohomethisweekend.•Themanagerdesirestoseeyou.•Mymotherdislikesseeingyouwithme.•Hecouldhardlyresistlaughing.•Heisfondofplayingtennis.•动名词既可做动词宾语，也可做介词的宾语，而不定式只能做动词宾语。•有些动词只能接动名词做宾语，而有的只能接不定式做宾语，有的既可接动名词也可接不定式做宾语，但意义不同。A.下列动词只能带动名词作宾语：admit,allow,avoid,appreciate,consider,denyenjoy,escape,finish,complete,forgivekeep,mind,miss,risk,resume,recall,practise,prevent,resist,suggest,understandbe/getusedto,devoteoneselfto,lookforwardto,objectto,prefer...to,referto,payattentionto,stickto,leadto这些词组里的to为介词，而非不定式符号。B.下列动词只能接不定式作宾语：afford,agree,attempt,aim,choosedecide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,wishC.在一些动词后，可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语，但含义有差别。forget,remember,regret+doing表示动作已经发生；+todo表动作未发生want,need,require+doing表被动=tobedonetrydoing试着做;trytodo尽力做，想要做stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下来做另一件事goondoing继续做某事（前后是同一件事）goontodo接下来做某事(前后不是同一件事)meandoing意味着...,意思是...meantodo故意或想要做某事can’thelpdoingsth抑制不住、禁不住做某事can’thelptodosth不能帮忙做某事1.Wouldyoumind______thedoor?A.openB.openingC.toopenD.opened3.Haveyougotused_________inGuilin?A.tolivingB.toliveC.livingD.tobeliving4.Nobodyiswillingtogotoapartywithout___________.A.askingB.tobeaskedC.beingaskedD.havingaskedBAC非谓语动词做宾语补足语可以接不定式做宾语补足语的动词常用的有：ask,want,advise,allow,encourage,force,forbid,like,order,permit,persuade,request,require,tell,warn,urge,expect这些词后均可接+sb.todosth.的结构Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Myteacheradvisedmetodomoreexercises.•常接分词做宾语补足语的动词有：have，keep,get,find，see,hear,watch,noticeetc.•Isawhimworkinginthefieldyesterday.•Hekeptthewaterboiling.•Ifoundmycarmissing.•Iwillhavemywatchrepaired.非谓语动词作表语1.不定式作表语（betodo):按计划、趋势将要做的Sheistogetmarriednextweek.有责任、义务必须做的I’mtoseeyouoffattheairporttomorrow祈使、命令不得不做的You’retostandhere,doyouunderstand?命运安排,注定做的Disneymetthemouseandhewastobecomeafamousartist.2.动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.TeachingyouEnglishismyjob.3.分词作表语表示主语的特点特征,现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动和完成。Thebookisinteresting.Skiingismoreexcitingthanskating.Shefeltconfused,evenfrightened.Theguestsaregone.做表语的分词，其实很多已