核热推进反应堆关键技术及其发展-陈立新

710024NTPnuclearthermalpropulsion、。TL351A2095-6223201402-104-06KeyTechnologiesandTheirDevelopmentinNuclearThermalPropulsionＲeactorsCHENLi-xin，HUPan，WANGLi-peng，JIANGXin-biao(StateKeyLaboratoryofSimulationandEffectforIntensePulseＲadiation，NorthwestInstituteofNuclearTechnology，Xian710024，China)Abstract:Inthispaper，thekeytechnologiesandtheirdevelopmentinnuclearthermalpropulsion(NTP)reactorsareanalyzed，andtheapplicationbackgroundofNTPreactorsinspaceisalsointro-2014-02-252014-03-15112751521976。[e-mail]，themainparametersandcharacteristicsofsomeNTPreactorsdesignedinUSAandＲussiaarecompared．Finally，thedevelopmentandapplicationforegroundofNTPreactorsinthefuturearediscussed．Keywords:nuclearthermalpropulsion;reactor;deepspaceexploration。、。4500m·s－1、。、、、。104m·s－122m·s－110m·s－116．7m·s－1。。。、5220146MODEＲNAPPLIEDPHYSICSVol．5No．2Jun．2014。。。。1。。1Fig．1Configurationofnuclearthermalpropulsionsystem1。、、、、、、。。。1．1。＞3000K。。1。UC、UN。U、Nb、Zr。11Tab．1ThemeltingpointofsomenuclearfuelsFuelMeltingpoint/℃FuelMeltingpoint/℃U1133ThO23299Zr-14%U1782UC2371UO22849UN28431。。2。3。4。1．2＞3000K。＜100K。。123。22080———MITEEMiniatureＲeac-5012torEngine2。MITEE、。。aFuelparticlebFuelelementcＲeactor2MITEEFig．2MITEEstructure。。。。1．3。、。DＲA5．03356．4t106．2t29．8%。。。1．4。。＞104MW·m－3。。、。2/2050。。60152．11955Ｒover。2060NEＲVA4。NEＲVAＲover35t、8250m·s－1、1h3。NEＲVA、2080———spacenuclearthermalpropulsionSNTP5、particlebedreactorPBＲ。209021。。SLHC6NEＲVA。201032030。3NEＲVAFig．3ApropulsionsystemdevelopedinNEＲVA2．2。ＲD-04107。ＲD-0410、。4ＲD-0410。2、。4ＲD-0410Fig．4StructureofＲD-0410reactorofＲussia70122Tab．2DesignparametersofsomeNTPreactorsＲeactorStatePower/MWOutlettemp．/KThrust/kNSpecificimpulse/m·s－1ThrusttoweightFuelＲover4USA45003311106485003～4UNbZrCPBＲ5USA10003000196950025～35UC2MITEE2USA7530001410000UO2SLHC6USA～400330050～2509300～97005～10UNbZrCＲD-04107Ｒussia196300035．39000UNbZrCNPPS7Ｒussia3352800～2900689200U-Zr-C-N3＜5000MW·m－3。。、、。、ZrH、LiH。51。。。2、。。。3。。DＲA5．0。4。。5。5Fig．5Propulsionreactorwithgascore8015。。5。、。。6。6Fig．6Structureofindirectcyclenuclearthermalpropulsion4。。、。。［1］．［M］．:，1997:32-33．(WUGuo-wei．NuclearＲeactorEngineeringDesign［M］．Beijing:AtomicEnergyPress，1997:32-33．)［2］POWELLJＲ，PANAGUAJ，MAISEG，etal．Highperformancenuclearthermalpropulsionsystemforneartermexplorationmis-sionsto100AUandbeyond［J］．ActaAstronautica，1999，44(2/3/4):159-166．［3］DＲAKEBG，HOFFMANSJ，BＲEATYDW．Humanexplora-tionofMarsdesignreferencearchitecture5．0［C］//IEEEAero-spaceConference，2010，BigSky，MT，2010．［4］ＲOBBINSWH，FINGEＲHB．AhistoricalperspectiveoftheNEＲVAnuclearrocketenginetechnologyprogram［Ｒ］．AIAA91-3451，LosAngeles，California:NASA，1991．［5］LUDEWIGH，POWELLJＲ，TODOSOWM，etal．Designofparticlebedreactorsforthespacenuclearthermalpropulsionpro-gram［J］．ProgressinNuclearEnergy，1996，30(1):1-65．［6］GOUWＲＲ．Nucleardesignanalysisofsquarelatticehoneycombspacenuclearrocketengine［D］．America:FloridaUniversity，2000．［7］ZAKIＲOVV，PAVSHOOKV．Ｒussiannuclearrocketenginede-signforMarsexploration［J］．TsinghuaScienceandTechnology，2007，12(3):256-260．9012