英语国家概况-谢福之-Chapter-6-literature精编版

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter6LiteratureTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressCONTENTTheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod(450-1500)ITheRenaissance(1500-1660)IITheNeo-ClassicalPeriod(1660-1785)IIITheRomanticPeriod(1785-1830)IVTheModernPeriod(1914-1945)VITheVictorianPeriod(1832-1901)VThePostmodernPeriod(1945-)VIIForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod(450-1500)I1.1GeneralKnowledge1.2TheOldEnglishPeriod1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriodForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.1GeneralKnowledgeInpractice,worksofliteraturefallintofourcategoriesorgenres:narrativefiction叙事小说dramapoetrynon-fictionprose散文ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.1GeneralKnowledgeThetwokindsofnarrativefictionyouwillreadmostoftenareshortstoriesandnovels.Myths(神话),parables(寓言),romances(传奇),andepics(史诗)arealsopartofthegenre.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.2TheOldEnglishPeriodOldEnglish:theepicBeowulf贝奥武夫■AfolklegendbroughttoEnglandbytheAnglo-Saxonsfromtheircontinentalhomes.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriodWiththeNormanConquestin1066,BritainenteredtheMiddleAges(1066-1485).MiddleEnglish:TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷的故事集(1387-1400)GeoffreyChaucer(1340?-1400)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheRenaissance(1500-1660)2.1GeneralKnowledge2.2WilliamShakespeareIIForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressRenaissanceischaracterizedbyadmirationoftheGreekandLatinclassicworks.sonnet(十四行诗)drama•Thedramatypesaretragedy,comedyandfarce(滑稽剧).2.1GeneralKnowledgeForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressBlankverseisatypeofpoetry,distinguishedbyhavingaregularmeter,butnorhyme.InEnglish,themetermostcommonlyusedwithblankversehasbeeniambicpentameter。无韵诗是诗歌的一种，特点是有整齐的格律，却没有韵脚（即句尾不押韵）。英语中，无韵诗最常用的格律是抑扬格五音步（因此无韵诗又被称为无韵五节拍诗）。每行用五个长短格音步――十个音节组成，每首行数不拘，不压韵。不押韵的诗称无韵诗或白体诗。应用多用在戏剧和叙事诗中。莎士比亚的戏剧和弥尔顿的ParadiseLost都是用无韵诗写成的。押韵的诗叫rhymedverse。无韵诗不同于自由诗。无韵诗虽不押韵，但是有固定节奏，以扬抑格五音步最常见。自由诗节奏不固定，如同白话。Freeverseisaformofpoetrywhichrefrainsfrommeterpatterns,rhyme,oranyothermusicalpattern.自由诗是一种不受格律、韵脚或其他音乐节拍约束的诗歌形式。ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Shakespeare’sBirthplaceForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)EnglishplaywrightWilliamShakespearewasborninthathouseonHenleyStreetinStratford-upon-AvoninApril1564.Shakespeare’sfather,John,purchasedthebuildingintwostages,in1556and1572.Today,Shakespeare’sbirthplaceisamuseum,furnishedasitmighthavebeeninShakespeare’stime.ItalsohousesanexhibitonShakespeare’slife.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheGlobeTheatre,wheredramatistWilliamShakespearesawhisplaysperformed400yearsago,hasbeenrebuiltnearitsoriginallocationonthesouthbankoftheThamesRiverinLondon,England.2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressComedy■AMidsummerNight’sDream(1595)■TheMerchantofVenice(1598)■AsYouLikeIt(1599)皆大欢喜■TwelfthNight(1601)2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Historicalplays■RichardIII(1591)■HenryIV(1597)■AntonyandCleopatra(1606)安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)TragediesHamlet(1601)Othello(1604)奥赛罗KingLear(1605)李尔王Macbeth(1606)麦克白RomeoandJuliet(1595)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Jaques:Alltheworld'sastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers;全世界是一个大舞台,所有的男男女女都只是一些演员!Theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances,Andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,Hisactsbeingsevenages.—AsYouLikeIt(Act2,scene7,139–143)ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Tobe,ornottobe(fromHamlet3/1)Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem?ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Q.WhichplayisregardedasamilestoneinShakespeare’sdramaticdevelopment?A:Hamlet.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Q.WhatmakesShakespearesofamous?A:Hisgreatunderstandingofhumannatureandhisabilitytofinduniversalhumanqualitiesandtoputthemindramaticsituations.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressTheNeo-classicalPeriod(1660-1785)III3.1HistoricalBackground3.2RepresentativesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressThe17thcenturywitnessedtheBourgeoisRevolutionandtheRestoration.The18thcenturyisacomparativelypeacefuldevelopmentperiod.(TheIndustrialRevolution)3.1HistoricalBackgroundForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress3.1HistoricalBackgroundClassicismprevailedforthemostpartof