Bill-of-exchange--英文版PPT课件-汇票

Definition：Anunconditionalorderissuedbyapersonorbusinesswhichdirectstherecipienttopayafixedsumofmoneytoathirdpartyatafuturedate.Thefuturedatemaybeeitherfixedornegotiable.Inorderthataninstrumentmaybecalledabillofexchangeitshouldsatisfythefollowingconditions:1.Itmustbeinwriting.2.Itmustcontainanunconditionalordertopay.3.Itmustbesignedbythedrawer.4.Theremustbethreepartiestotheinstrumentandthepartiesmustbecertain.5.Theordermustbetopayacertainsumofmoney.6.Theinstrumentmustcontainanordertopaymoneyandmoneyonly.7.Itmustcomplywiththeformalitiesasregardsdate,consideration,stampetc.Abillofexchangemustprimarilyincludeadesignationthatitisabillofexchange,theso-calledstipulationrelatingtobillsofexchange.Thestipulationmustmeettwocumulativepreconditions:first,itmustbepartofthetextofthebillofexchange.Thereforeitisnotenoughtoinsertthetermof“billofexchange”onlyintheheadingorasadecorativeprintedformonthemarginoftheformorinwatermark.Itisalwaysnecessaryforthedesignationtobeinserteddirectlyinthetextofthebill.Thesecondpreconditionisthatthedesignationofbillofexchangemustbewritteninthelanguageinwhichthewholedocumentiswritten.Thebillshouldbedrawnonlyinonelanguage.Thebillmaybewritteninanyoftheexistinglanguagesandtheparticipantsarenotrestrictedinanywayasfarasthisisconcerned.Itdoesnotmatterwhohasdrawnthebillandwhereithasbeendrawn,orwhenthebillispayable.Theessenceofthebillofexchangeisapaymentorderofthedraweraddressedtothedrawee.Theuseofacertainformforthisorderisnotprescribedbutitmustbeclearfromthetextofthebill.Inpractice,weusuallycomeacrossthemereimperative“Pay”.PursuanttoArticleI,Section1,Paragraph2,BECA,thisordermustbeunconditionalandmustbeexpressedinacertainsumofmoney.Theamountrequirementisimportanttothenegotiabilityofdraftandnotesbecausetheyusuallyaresoldatadiscount,orlessthanfacevalue.Themoneyrelatingtobillsofexchangemustbeexpressedinwordsorfigures,orinbothways(itisactuallyrequiredbyallbillformsforsecurityreasons).Ifthesumofmoneyrelatingtobillsofexchangeisexpresseddifferentlyinfiguresandwords(forexample,100,000and“onehundredandtenthousand”)thebillofexchangeisnotinvalidforthereasonofcontradictingpiecesofinformation.Insuchcasesthelawreasonablystatesthatiftherearedivergentdataconcerningthesum,itistheoneexpressedinwordsthatholds.Incaseofthesumofmoneyexpressedseveraltimesinwordsorseveraltimesinfigures,itisthesumthatisthelowestonethatholdsandinnocasetheamountsmaybeaddedup.Thecertaintyofthesumofmoneyrelatingtobillsofexchangeisalsorequiredbythestatementofcurrency.Itisnotpossibletopayinterestonthesumofmoneyrelatingtobillsofexchangeexceptforsightbills.Whenabillofexchangeispayableatsight,oratafixedperiodaftersight,thedrawermaystipulatethesumpayableshallbearinterest.Inthecaseofanyotherbillofexchange,thisstipulationisdeemednottobewritten.Therateofinterestmustbespecifiedinthebillofexchange;indefaultofsuchspecification,thestipulationshallbedeemednotobewritten.Interestrunsfromthedateofthebillofexchange,unlesssomeotherdateisspecified.Asalreadymentionedabove,thedraweeisamereaddresseeofthepaymentorderofthedrawer.Anobligationarisesforhimonlybyhisacceptance.Thedrawermaydesignatehimselfasthedrawee(theso-calleddisguisedbillofexchange).Itisquiteenoughtostatethename(designation,tradename)ofthedrawer.Othercomplementarydata(birthidentificationnumber,residence,companyregistrationnumber)areonlydesirablefromthepracticalpointofviewbutthelawdoesnotrequirethemforvalidityofthebillofexchange.Maturityneednotbeindicatedinthebillofexchangeassuchthebillofexchangemaybepayableatsight,atafixedperiodafterthedateofdrawingandonafixedday.Billsofexchangewithanothertypeofmaturityareinvalid.Billsofexchangepayablebyinstalmentsarealsonullandvoid.Theplaceofpaymentmaybestatedinthebillofexchangeintwomanners.Firstly,thedrawermaydetermineitexpressly.However,ifthedraweromitstostatetheplaceinthebillitdoesnotfollowthatthebillisinvalid.Insuchacasethelegalplaceofpayment,istheplacestatedwiththenameofthedrawer.Thissecondpossibilityofdeterminingtheplaceofpaymentpresupposes,ofcourse,thatthereisacertainplacestatedwithhisname(andnotmoredifferentplaces).Otherwise,itisaninvalidbillofexchange.Theplaceofpaymentmaybestatedinthebillalsothroughthedomicile,forexample,“PayableattheDeutscheBank,Brnobranch”.Asmentionedabove,thebillofexchangecannotbeissuedasasecurityonbearer.Thebillmustalwaysincludethenameofitsfirstacquirer(payee).Thedrawerandthepayeemaybeidentical(drafttoone’sownorder).Thebillofexchangemustincludethedayandtheplaceofdrawing.Asforthedayofdrawing,thesamerulesasmentionedaboutthematuritydateapply,especiallytherulethatthedaymustbeexistingandmustbeclearenough(day,month,year).Thedateofdrawingmustalwaysprecedethedateofpayment.Iftheplaceofdrawingisnotstatedinthebill,itisconsideredtobedrawnintheplacestatedwiththenameofthedrawer.Ifnocertainplaceisstatedthere,thebillisinvalid.Thelastessentialelementofbillofexchangestatedbythelawisthesignatureofthedrawer.Itistheonlyelementofbillofexchangestatedforwhichitholdsthatthesignatureofthedrawermustbemadeinone’sownhand.BILLOFEXCHANGEDrawnunderBankofChina,London(1)Irr