Uuit1WhatisGeomatics?(什么是测绘学)GeomaticsDefined(测绘学定义)WheredoesthewordGeomaticscomefrom?(Geomatics-测绘或地球空间信息学,这个名词是怎么来的呢?)GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICSorGEO-forearthand–MATICSformathematicalorGEO-forGeoscienceand-MATICSforinformatics.(大地测量学+地理信息学=GEOMATICS测绘学或者geo代表地球,matics代表数学,或者geo代表地球科学,matics代表信息学)Ithasbeensaidthatgeomaticsismanythingstomanypeople.(据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解)ThetermgeomaticsemergedfirstinCanadaandasanacademicdiscipline;ithasbeenintroducedworldwideinanumberofinstitutesofhighereducationduringthepastfewyears,mostlybyrenamingwhatwaspreviouslycalled“geodesy”or“surveying”,andbyaddinganumberofcomputerscienceand/orGIS-orientedcourses.(这个术语作为一个学科第一次形成于加拿大;在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知,通常是以前的“大地测量学”或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和GIS方向的课程后重新命名的。)Nowthetermincludesthetraditionalsurveyingdefinitionalongwithsurveyingsteadilyincreasedimportancewiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesandthegrowingdemandforavarietyofspatiallyrelatedtypesofinformation,particularlyinmeasuringandmonitoringourenvironment.(随着新技术的发展和不断增长的对空间关系的信息类型的需求,尤其是在测量和监测我们的环境方面,现在,传统测量学定义连同日益增长的测量的重要性一起包含在这个术语里了。)Increasinglycriticalareareasofexpandingpopulations,appreciatinglandvalues,dwindlingnaturalresources,andthecontinuingstressingofthequalityofourland,waterandairfromhumanactivities.(日益增长的危机来自人口扩张,地价上涨,资源紧缩【紧张】,还有由于人类活动引起的土地、水、空气质量的持续的压力Assuch,geomaticsbridgeswidearcsfromthegeosciencesthroughvariousengineeringsciencesandcomputersciencestospatialplanning,landdevelopmentandtheenvironmentalsciences.(这样,测绘学在地球科学,各种工程学,计算机科学,空间规划,土地开发和环境科学相互之间架起了广泛的桥梁。)NowthewordgeomaticshasbeenadoptedbyseveralinternationalbodiesincludingtheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO),soitisheretostay.(现在geomatics这个词已经被包括ISO在内的数个国际机构所采用,因此它就这样被普遍接受Theterm“surveyor”istraditionallyusedtocollectivelydescribethoseengagedintheaboveactivities.(surveyor这个词按惯例用来总指(这换成“总称”较好)那些从事上述活动的人。)MoreexplicitjobdescriptionssuchasLandSurveyor,EngineeringSurveyororHydrographicSurveyorforexample,arecommonlyusedbypractitionerstomoreclearlydescribeandmarkettheirspecializedexpertise.(更具体的工作如土地测量员、工程测量员和水道测量员,被业内人士用来更准确的描述他们的专门技术。Thetermgeomaticsisarecentcreationtoconveythetruecollectiveandscientificnatureoftheserelatedactivitiesandhastheflexibilitytoallowfortheincorporationoffuturetechnologicaldevelopmentsinthesefields.(geomatics这个术语是个新词,表达了实体集合和它们相关联的活动的自然科学,并使这些领域的未来技术发展的结合成为可能。)Adoptionofthetermalsoallowsacoherentmarketingoftheprofessiontoindustryandschoolsonaworldwidebasis.(这个术语的采用同时也在全世界范围里为行业里和学校建立了一个一致的专业市场)Asaresult,bothcourseandawardtitlesinthetraditionalLandSurveyingsectoratmanyoftheworld’sleadinguniversitiesarebeingchangedto“DegreeinGeomatics”.(结果,世界上许多一流大学的传统的测量专业的无论是课程还是授予资格都改为“测绘学位”的了)Thisdoesnotsuggestthedemiseoftheterm“surveyor”andgraduateswillstillpracticeaslandsurveyorsorphotogammertrists,etc.asappropriatetotheirspecialization.(这并不意味着“surveyor”这个词的消亡,测绘毕业生还将从事适合他们专业的土地测量员、摄影测量员及其他的工作)Inthelastdecade,therehasbeendramaticdevelopmentandgrowthintheuseofhardwareandsoftwaresolutionstobothmeasureandprocessgeo-spatialdata.(在过去的十年中,在应用硬件和软件的方法来测量和处理地球空间数据工作时有着戏剧性的发展和增长)Thishascreatedandwillcontinuetocreatenewareasofapplication,withassociatedjobopportunitiesforsuitablyqualifiedgraduates.(创造并将继续创造新的应用领域,并为合适的、合格的毕业生提供相关的工作。)Asaresult,theroleofthe“surveyor”isexpandingbeyondtraditionalareasofpractice,asdescribedabove,intonewareasofopportunity.(结果是,“surveyor”的角色大大超越传统实践领域――如前面所述的领域,进入到新的领域。)Inaddition,recentadvancesinthetechnologyofdatacollectionandprocessinghaveblurredtheboundariesofpracticeandactivitybetweenwhatwerepreviouslyregardedasrelatedbutseparateareas.(另外,最近的数据采集和处理技术的发展模糊了以前被认为有联系却分离的领域的界限)Suchdevelopmentsareforecasttocontinueandwillcreatenewcareerpathsforgraduateswhoseeducationandtrainingisbroadlybasedandofahighacademicstandard.(可以预见,这种发展继续并将为涉猎广泛、学识一流的毕业生创造新的事业。)Toenablegraduatestotakefulladvantageofthesedevelopments,significantchangesineducationandtrainingarerequired.(为了使毕业生能充分利用这些发展,教育和训练的重大改革成为必需的)Academicandprofessionalinstitutionsarealsoresponding,inpart,byadoptingthetermgeomaticsbothasacourseandasanawardtitle.(学院的和专业的机构也作出反应,部分地,采用术语“geomatics”作为一门课程和一项授予资格)。Aworkingdefinitionofgeomatics,whichreflectscurrentthinkingandpredictedchange,is:(测绘学的一个现在使用的反映了当前的思想和对未来的预期的定义是:)Thescienceandtechnologyofacquiring,storing,processing,managing,analyzingandpresentinggeographicallyreferencedinformation(geo-spatialdata).(获取、处理、存储,分析和上呈地理参考信息(地理空间信息)的科学和技术。)Thisbroadtermappliesbothtoscienceandtechnology,andmapping,geodesy,satellitepositioning,photogrammetry,remotesensing,geographicinformationsystems(GIS),landmanagement,computersystems,environmentalvisualizationandcomputergraphics.(这个广泛的术语应用于科学和技术,以及制图、大地测量学、卫星定位、摄影测量学、遥感、地理信息系统、土地管理、计算机系统、环境可视化和计算机制图等领域)Severaltermssuchas“geomatics”,“geomaticengineering,”and“geoinformatics”arenowincommonusepertainingtoactivitiesgenerallyconcernedwithgeographicinformation.(现在一些术语如“测绘学”,“测绘工程”“地学信息学”和共同应用于某些活动中―――专属于通常涉及地理信息的活动。)Thesetermshavebeenadoptedprimarilytorepresentthegeneralapproachthatgeographicinformationiscollected,managed,andapplied.(这些术语起初被采用用来表示地理信息的采集、管理和应