《社会研究方法》艾尔巴比-英文ppt-Ch15

Chapter15TheElaborationModelChapterOutlineIntroductionTheOriginsoftheElaborationModelTheElaborationParadigmElaborationandExPostFactoHypothesizingElaborationmodelAlogicalmodelforunderstandingtherelationshipbetweentwomethodsbycontrollingfortheeffectsofathird.TheOriginsoftheElaborationModelPaulLazarsfeldandPatriciaKendallusedthelogicoftheelaborationmodeltopresenthypotheticaltablesregardingSamuelStouffer’sworkregardingeducationandacceptanceinthearmy.TheElaborationParadigm1.Arelationshipisobservedtoexistbetweentwovariables.2.Athirdvariableisheldconstantinthesensethatthecasesaresubdividedaccordingtotheattributesofthatthirdvariable.TheElaborationParadigm3.Theoriginaltwo-variablerelationshipisrecomputedwithineachofthesubgroups.4.Thecomparisonoftheoriginalrelationshipwiththerelationshipsfoundwithineachsubgroupprovidesafullerunderstandingoftheoriginalrelationshipitself.TestvariableAvariablethatisheldconstantinanattempttoclarifyfurthertherelationshipbetweentwoothervariables.InterveningTestVariableAntecedentTestVariableQuestionWhichofthefollowingisavariablethatisheldconstantinanattempttoclarifytherelationshipbetweentwoothervariables?A.acodingschemeB.acausalrelationshipC.atestvariableD.noneofthesechoicesAnswer:CAtestvariableisavariablethatisheldconstantinanattempttoclarifytherelationshipbetweentwoothervariables.PartialRelationshipIntheelaborationmodel,thistherelationshipbetweentwovariableswhenexaminedinasubsetofcasesdefinedbyathirdvariable.Zero-orderRelationshipIntheelaborationmodel,thisistheoriginalrelationshipbetweentwovariables,withnotestvariablescontrolledfor.ReplicationAtechnicaltermusedinconnectionwiththeelaborationmodel,referringtotheelaborationoutcomeinwhichtheinitiallyobservedrelationshipbetweentwovariablespersistswhenacontrolvariableisheldconstant,therebysupportingtheideathattheoriginalrelationshipisgenuine.ExplanationAnelaborationmodeloutcomeinwhichtheoriginalrelationshipbetweentwovariablesisrevealedtohavebeenspurious,becausetherelationshipdisappearswhenaninterveningtestvariableisintroduced.InterpretationAtechnicaltermusedinconnectionwiththeelaborationmodel.Itrepresentstheresearchoutcomeinwhichacontrolvariableisdiscoveredtobethemediatingfactorthroughwhichanindependentvariablehasitseffectonadependentvariable.SpecificationAtechnicaltermusedinconnectionwiththeelaborationmodel,representingtheelaborationoutcomeinwhichaninitiallyobservedrelationshipbetweentwovariablesisreplicatedamongsomesubgroupscreatedbythecontrolvariablebutnotamongothers.Question_________________isatechnicaltermusedinconnectionwiththeelaborationmodel,referringtotheelaborationoutcomeinwhichtheinitiallyobservedrelationshipbetweentwovariablespersistswhenacontrolvariableisheldconstant.A.explanationB.replicationC.multiplicationD.noneofthesechoicesAnswer:BReplicationisatechnicaltermusedinconnectionwiththeelaborationmodel,referringtotheelaborationoutcomeinwhichtheinitiallyobservedrelationshipbetweentwovariablespersistswhenacontrolvariableisheldconstant.Question____________representstheelaborationoutcomeinwhichaninitiallyobservedrelationshipisreplicatedamongsomesubgroupscreatedbythecontrolvariablebutnotamongothers.A.multivariationB.interpretationC.specificationD.explanationAnswer:CSpecificationrepresentstheelaborationoutcomeinwhichaninitiallyobservedrelationshipisreplicatedamongsomesubgroupscreatedbythecontrolvariablebutnotamongothers.TheFactsofLifeaboutStorksandBabiesSuppressorVariableIntheelaborationmodel,atestvariablethatpreventsagenuinerelationshipfromappearingatthezero-orderlevel.DistorterVariableIntheelaborationmodel,atestvariablethatreversesthedirectionofazero-orderrelationship.ExpostfactoHypothesisAhypothesiscreatedafterconfirmingdatahavealreadybeencollected.Itisameaninglessconstructbecausethereisnowayforittobedisconfirmed.QuickQuiz1.Researchersusetheelaborationmodeltounderstandtherelationshipbetween_________variablesthroughthesimultaneousintroductionofadditionalvariables.A.4B.3C.2D.allofthesechoicesAnswer:CResearchersusetheelaborationmodeltounderstandtherelationshipbetween2variablesthroughthesimultaneousintroductionofadditionalvariables.2._______________variablesarepriorintime.A.antecedentB.interveningC.inductiveD.deductiveAnswer:AAntecedentvariablesarepriorintime.3.Thelogicofmultivariaterelationshipsisthatthe__________variableaffectsthe___________variable,whichinturnaffectsthe____________variable.A.independent;intervening;dependentB.intervening;independent;dependentC.dependent;intervening;independentD.allofthesechoicesAnswer:AThelogicofmultivariaterelationshipsisthattheindependentvariableaffectstheinterveningvariable,whichinturnaffectsthedependentvariable.4.In__________,theoriginalrelationshipbetweentwovariablesisrevealedtohavebeenspurious.A.explanationB.replicationC.multiplicationD.noneofthesechoicesAnswer:A4.Inexplanation,theoriginalrelationshipbetweentwovariablesisrevealedtohavebeenspurious.5.A____________variableisatestvariablethatreversesthedirectionofazero-orderrelationship.A.suppressorB.distorterC.expostfactoD.n