MBA英语历年真题及答案(XX-XX)

2005年真题uestions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Mosthumanbeingsactual1ydecidebeforetheythink.Whenanyhumanbeing－executive,specializedexpert,orpersoninthestreetencountersacomplexissueandformsanopinion,oftenwithinamatterofseconds,howthoroughlyhasheorsheexploredtheimplicationsofthevariouscoursesofaction?Answer:notverythoroughly.Veryfewpeople,nomatterhowinte1ligentorexperienced,cantakeinventoryofthemanybranchingpossibilities,possibleoutcomes,sideeffects,andundesiredconsequencesofapolicyoracourseofactioninamatterofseconds.Yet,thosewhopridethemse1vesonbeingdecisiveoftentrytodojustthat.Andoncetheirbrainslockontoanopinion,mostoftheirthinkingthereafterconsistsoffindingsupportforit.Averyserioussideeffectofargumentativedecisionmakingcanbealackofsupportforthechosencourseofactiononthepartofthe“losing”faction.Whenonefactionwinsthemeetingandtheothersseethemselvesaslosing,thebattleoftendoesn’tendwhenthemeetingends.Anger,resentment,andjealousymayleadthemtosabotagethedecisionlater,ortoreopenthedebateatlatermeetings.Thereisabetter.AsphilosopherAldousHuxleysaid,“Itisn’twhoisright,butwhatisright,thatcounts.”Thestructured-inquirymethodoffersabetteralternativetoargumentativedecisionmakingbydebate.WiththehelpoftheInternetandwirelesscomputertechnologythegapbetweenexpertsandexecutivesisnowbeingdramaticallyclosed.Byactuallyputtingthebrakesonthethinkingprocess,slowingitdown,andorganizingtheflowoflogic,it’spossibletocreatealevelofclaritythatsheerargumentationcannevermatch.Thestructured-inquiryprocessintroducesalevelofconceptualclaritybyorganizingthecontributionsoftheexperts,thenbringstheexpertsandthedecisionmakersclosertogether.Althoughitisn’tpossibleornecessaryforapresidentorprimeministertolisteninoneveryintelligenceanalysismeeting,it’spossibletoorganizetheexperts’informationtogivethedecisionmakermuchgreaterinsightastoitsmeaning.Thisprocessmaysomewhatresembleamarketingfocusgroup;it’sasimple,remarkablycleverwaytobringdecisionmakersclosertothesourceoftheexpertinformationandopinionsonwhichtheymustbasetheirdecisions.4l．Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthat.A．executive,specializedexpert,arenomorecleverthanpersoninthestreetB．veryfewpeopledec1debeforetheythinkC．thosewhopridethemselvesonbeingdecisiveoftenfailtodosoD．peopletendtoconsidercarefullybeforemakingdecisions42．Judgingfromthecontext,whatdoestheword“them”(line4,paragraph2)referto?A．Decisionmakers.B．The“losing”faction.C．Anger,resentment,andjealousy.D．Otherpeople43．AldousHuxley’sremark(Paragraph3)impliesthat.A．thereisasubtledifferencebetweenrightandwrongB．wecannottellwhoisrightandwhatiswrongC．whatisrightismoreimportantthanwhoisrightD．whatisrightaccountsforthequestionwhoisright44．Accordingtotheauthor,thefunctionofthestructured-inquirymethodis.A．tomakedecisionbydebateB．toapplytheInternetandwirelesscomputertechnology.C．tobrakeonthethinkingprocess,slowingitdownD．tocreatealevelofconceptualclarity45．Thestructured-inquiryprocesscanbeusefulfor.A．decisionmakersB．intelligenceanalysismeetingC．theexperts’informationD．marketingfocusgroupsQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Sportisheadingforanindissolublemarriagewithtelevisionandthepassivespectatorwillenjoyaprivateparadise.Allofthiswillbeinthefutureofsport.Thespectator(thetelevisionaudience)willbethepriorityandprofessionalclubswillhavetoreadjusttheirstructurestoadapttothenewreality:sportasabusiness.Thenewtechnologieswillmeanthatspectatorswillnolongerhavetowaitforbroadcastsbytheconventionalchannels.Theywillbetheoneswhodecidewhattosee.Andtheywillhavetopayforit.IntheUnitedStatesthesystemofthefuturehasalreadystarted:pay-as-you-view.Everythingwillbeofferedbytelevisionandthespectatorwillonlyhavetochoose.ThereviewSportsIllustratedrecentlypublishedafullprofileofthelifeofthesupporterathomeinthemiddleofthenextcentury.Itexplainedthattheconsumerswouldbeabletoselecttheirviewofthematchonagigantic,flatscreenoccupyingthewholeofonewall,withimagesofaclaritywhichcannotbeforeseenatpresent;theycouldwatchfromthetrainer’sstandsjustbehindthebatterinagameofbaseballorfromthehelmetofthestarplayerinanAmericanfootballgame.Andattheirdisposalwillbethesaneoptionstheproduceroftherecordedprogrammerhastoselectreplays,tochoosewhichcameratomeandtodecideonthesoundwhethertohearthepublic,theplayers,thetrainerandsoon.Manysportsexecutives,largelytoooldandtooconservativetofeelathomewiththenewtechnologieswillbelievethatsportmustcontroltheexpansionoftelevisioncoverageinordertosurviveandensurethatspectatorsattendmatches.Theydonotevenaccepttheevidencewhichcontradictstheirviewwhilethereismorebasketballthaneverontelevision,forexample,itisalsocertainthatbasketballismorepopularthanever.Itisalsotheargumentofthesesportsexecutivesthattelevisionharmingthemodestteam.Thisistrue,butthefutureofthoseteamsisalsomodest.Theyhavereachedtheirceiling.Itisthelawofthemarket.Thegreateventscontinuallyattractlargeraudience.TheworldIbeingconstructedonnewtechnologiessothatpeoplecanmaketheutmostuseoftheirtimeand,intheirhomehaveaccesstothegreatestpossiblerangeofrecreationalactivities.Sportwillhavetoadaptitselftothene