非谓语动词用法精讲doing

非谓语动词DOINGDONETODO非谓语动词动名词gerund不定式infinitive分词participle非谓语动词1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。2．形式•不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。•动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。•分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分主语定语宾语表语状语宾语补足语不定式过去分词××v-ing形式•3．语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。现在分词与动名词DOINGA动词-ing形式的一般式1动名词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimmingisherfavoritesport.Learningisimportanttomodernlife.2分词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.3动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。Irememberedsendinghimane-maillastweek.（前）HesuggestedtakingmydaughtertothezoothenextSunday.（后）B动词-ing形式的完成式动词-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Havinglivedinthiscityforthreeyears,sheknowsitverywell.点津坊在现代英语中，作宾语的动词-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。Ireallyregrettedmissingsuchanexcitinglecture.=IreallyregrettedhavingmissedsuchanexcitinglectureWerememberedseeingthefilm.(=Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.)时态C动词-ing形式的被动形式动词-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Ican‘tstandbeingkeptwaiting.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseetheschoollibrary.语态D动词-ing形式的否定形式动词-ing形式的否定形式由not加动词-ing形式构成。Hisnotcomingmadeeveryonepresentverydisappointed.否定A动词-ing形式作主语1动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.2为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.It‘sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.句子成分必背动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。It‘snogoodtalkingtohim.Itisuselesstelephoninghim.Heisnotwillingtocome.It‘sworthmakinganeffort.Thereisnosayingwhenitwillstopraining.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.句型B动词-ing形式作表语1表示主语的内容Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible2表示主语具有的特征Theproblemisquitepuzzling.1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis___(bite)nails（指甲）.C动词-ing形式作宾语动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。1能用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，◎只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，◎可用动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语。①只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词suggestdoingitinadifferentway.必背只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免putoff推迟keep保持consider考虑delay耽搁dislike嫌恶resist抵制mention提及enjoy喜欢escape避免excuse原谅practice练习mind介意fancy想不到feellike意欲finish完成risk冒险include包括forgive原谅giveup放弃suggest建议miss逃过imagine设想cannothelp情不自禁只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。1.Hewasinlowspiritsandevenconsider_____(go)away.2.Practise_____(put)yourhandtotheground.3.Ican’thelp______(have)thetriptoBritain.4.Don’ttellmeyoualwaysescape_____(fine)becauseyouhaveafastsportscar.5.Leaveoff______(bite)yournails!6.Hedidn’tfeellike______(work),sohesuggested_____(spend)thedayinthegarden.7.Youcertainlymustn’tmiss_______(see)thewonderfulfilm.8.Thedoctoradvised____(stay)longerinhospital.9.Weappreciateyour_____(want)______(help)usinourdifficulties.10.Michaelhasdelayed___(write)tohertilltoday.11.Thelawforbids______(sell)liquortochildren.12.Theyallsuggested______(give)morechances.13.Canyouimagine______(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.14.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom______(flood).②既可用动词-ing形式作宾，也可用不定式作宾这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：☆有些动词，如attempt,continue,hate,intend,like,love,prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。Theypreferspending/tospendtheirsummervacationinDalian.Iintendtobuy/buyinganEnglish-Chinesedictionary.提示应尽量避免接连出现两个动词-ing形式。IamstartingtolearnRussian.避免说：IamstartinglearningRussian.避免重复☆有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同。cometodo★表示一个渐渐发展的过程Ihopeweshallbefriendsandcometounderstandoneanother.comedoing★表示陪衬性的动作Itwasalreadytwoo'clockwhenshecamehurryingin.goontodo★做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事Havingfinishedtheexercises,wewentontolearnthenewwordsinthenextunit.goondoing★继续做同一件事。Thoughitwasrainingheavily,theywentonworking。meantodo★想要做某事Ididn‘tmeantohurtyou.。meandoing★意味着要有一个结果Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.。regrettodo★对即将要做的事表示遗憾IregrettosayImustleavetomorrow.regretdoing★对所做的事感到后悔Iregretnothavingtoldherearlier.remembertodo★指将来的事，表示“不要忘记”Remembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave.rememberdoing★讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来”Irememberpostingthatletter.forgettodo★忘记要做某事Shenearlyforgottogivetheporteratipforhisservice.forgetdoing★忘记以前曾做过的事I'llneverforgetmeetingmyschoolheadmasterforthefirsttime.stoptodo★停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事Whileworking,hestoppedtotalkwithTomattimes.stopdoing★停止正在做的事Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thepupilsstoppedtalking.trytodo★设法做某事Imusttrytogeteverythingreadybeforehearrives.trydoing★试验做某事Wouldyoupleasetrydoingthatagain?☆need,require,want作“需要”解时，Need/require/wantdoing=tobedone意义上并无差别，但用动词-ing形式比较普通。Yourcompositionneedscorrecting/tobecorrected.Hiscoatwantscleaning/tobecleaned.Theoldwomanrequireslookingaftercarefully/tobelookedaftercarefully.2作介词宾语动词-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。D动词-ing形式作宾语补足语1动词-ing形式可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,lookat,listento,observe,find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。Weheardthechildrenshoutingupstairs.Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.复合宾语2动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区别。在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。-ing时，表示动作正在进行；不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。Hesawagirlgettingonthebus.Hesawagirlgetonthebusanddriveoff.3动词-ing形式也可用在have,