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英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Throughoutmuchofhumanhistory,manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things.Lengthsweredividedupintofeetandsmallerunitsfromthehumanhand.Othermeasureswereequallycharacteristic.Mediterraneantradersforcenturiesusedtheweightofgrainsofwheattodefine(定义)theirunitsofmass.TheRomansusedlibra,forerunnerofthepound,byreferringtotheweightofacarob(角豆树)seed.Thesizesofsimilarlynamedunitscouldalsodiffer.Theking'sfoot,usedinFrancefornearly1,000yearsafteritsintroductionbyCharlemagneinaround790AD,was,at32.5cm,aroundacentimetershorterthantheBelgicfoot,usedinEnglanduntil1300.Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,Norwasthereagreementonsuchthingswithincountries.InFrance,wheretherewasnounified(统一的)measurementsystematthenationallevel,thesituationwasparticularlyterrible.Thelieue(formermeasureofdistance),forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth.AlthoughJohnWilkins,anEnglishman,firstputforwardadecimalsystem(十进制)ofmeasurementin1668,itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw.TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités(SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown)developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates.NowtheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasuresinParisissettogivethemetricsystemitsbiggestshake-upyet.AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits,includingthekilogram,willfollowtheotherthree,includingthemetre,inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants(物理常数).Eachofthechosenconstantshasbeenmeasuredincrediblyprecisely,whichwouldmeanthatfromMay20th2019theconstantswillthemselvesbefixedattheircurrentvaluesforever.Anylaboratoryintheworldwillthenbeabletomeasure,forexample,themassofanobjectaspreciselyastheaccuracyoftheirequipmentwillallow.（1）WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Poundwentbeforelibrainmeasurement.B.Differentthingsusedtobeadoptedasmeasures.C.GrainswereacceptedasmeasuresbytheRomans.D.Fixedmeasurementsystemsweregraduallyformed.（2）Howdoestheauthordevelopthesecondparagraph?A.Intimeorder.B.Byanalysis.C.Inspaceorder.D.Bycomparison.（3）WhichofthefollowingcountriesusedSIasanofficialmeasurement?A.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.（4）Whatwilltheworld'smeasurementbodiesachieveatthemeetingheldinVersailles?A.TheywillcomeupwithsevennewSIunits.B.TheywillsetMay20thasanewinternationalfestival.C.TheywillredefinefourSIunitsincludingthekilogram.D.Theywilldecideonanewmeasureusedinthelaboratory.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，法国凡尔赛宫举办的国际计量大会，将对目前使用的国际单位制中的四个基本单位进行重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things”以及下文提到的用作计量单位的手、脚、谷物重量和参考角豆种子重量的磅可知，本段主要讲述了不同的东西被用作计量单位。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Theking'sfoot...aroundacentimetreshorterthantheBelgicfoot”和“Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,以及Thelieue(formermeasureofdistance),forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth”可推知，本段作者主要运用了对比的写作方法，把同一计量单位在不同国家之间或者在同一国家不同区域间的差异进行了说明。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw和TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités(SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown)developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates”可知，在所给出的四个国家中，只有法国采用国际单位制(SI)。国际单位制是现时世界上最普遍采用的标准度量衡单位系统，采用十进制进位系统。故选A。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits...willfollowtheotherthree...inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants”可知，在法国凡尔赛宫召开的会议上，七个基本计量单位中的四个将被重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。Mytwo-andfour-year-oldboyslovetowin,whetherthey'reracingtheirbikesdownthesidewalkorjustfinishingtheirsnacks.It'struethatthosewithhighstatus,fromworldleadersandprizewinnerstoathletesandmoviestars,arepeoplewelikeandrespect.ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate(天生的)preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.Researchersshowedtoddlers(aged21to31months)ascenewheretwopuppets(木偶)approachedoneanotherfromoppositesidesofastageandonebowedtolettheotherpassfirst.Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.However,theresultswerequitedifferentwhentwopuppetsapproachedoneanotherandoneusedforcetoknocktheotherdownbeforecontinuingtotheotherside.Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.Astheresearchersconcluded,Whenapproachingothers,veryyoungchildrencarenotonlywhowins,butalsohow.Thepreviousexperimenthasshownthattoddlersknowaboutsocialstatus,butthisexperimentwentonestepfurtherbyprovingtheyhavea