倒装句的讲解

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倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装一、全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。下列情况要使用全部倒装:1、表示方位的副词(如up,down,in,away,round,here,there)放在句首,句子的谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动词(如go,come,run,rush,fly),主语是名词(注:不能是代词):Incameagirlshehadnotseenbefore.进来一个她从未见过的姑娘。Upwentthearrowintotheair.Followingtheroar,outrushedatigerfromamongthebushes.Roundandroundflewtheplane.飞机反复盘旋。HerecomesthetraintoBeijing.但主语如果是人称代词,则句子不用倒装,主语仍置于动词之前。Thedooropenedandinshecame.Awaysheran.Hereitcomes.【注】在全部倒装中谓语动词通常用一般现在时或一般过去时,不能用进行时、将来时或完成时。2、表示时间的副词now,then放在句首,句子的谓语动词是come,主语是名词(不能是代词)。Nowcomesyourturn.Thencameanewdifficulty.3、介词短语放在句首作状语,句子的位于动词不是及物动词(如lie,stand,sit,exist,stretch,come)或系动词be,主语是名词。Inthedoorwaystoodamanwithagun.Afterthebanquetcameafireworkdisplayinthegarden.Onthemoon,asisknowntoall,existsnolivingthing.(Tothe)southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.4、代词such放在句首,句子的谓语动词是be。Suchwaslaoliu,asimplemanandthe21thcentury’sgreatestscientist.5、分词短语短语放在句首,谓语动词是be,主语是名词。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyaged17.Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.【注】全部倒装可用于定语从句中。Hesuddenlyfoundhimselfstandingatthefootofahill,ontopofwhichstoodanoldtemple他突然发现自己站在一座山的山脚下,山顶上有个古庙寺。二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。下列情况下,句子使用部分倒装:1、“only+副词、介词短语或从句”放在句首:Onlythendidwerealizethatthemanwasblind.【注】only后面的状语从句不可用倒装;only修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.Onlyhecananswerthequestion.2、含有否定意义的副词(如never,seldom,little,nowhere,hardly等)放在句首:Neverinhistoryhastechnologymadesuchrapidprogress.SeldominmylifehaveImetsodeterminedaperson.Littledoesherealizehowimportantthemeetingis.Nowherewillyoufindbetterrosesthanthese.Hardlydoesitsnowhereinwinter.3、“nota+n.”“notasingle+n”,“notonce”或“notuntil...”等短语放在句首:Notaworddidhesayatthelastmeeting.Notasinglemistakedidhemake.Notoncehashefailedtokeephispromise.她没有一次不遵守自己的诺言。NotuntilIreadyourletterdidIunderstandthetruestateofaffairs.4、表示否定意义的介词短语(如atnotime,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances,bynomeans,innoway等)放在句首:Atnotimeshouldyoustepintotheroom.你绝不能踏进这个房间一步。Onnoaccountmustthisswitchbetouched.这个开关绝不能碰。UndernocircumstancescouldIagreetosuchaprinciple.在任何情况下,我都不同意这一原则。5、在hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,notonly...butalso...,引导的两个分句时,如果把hardly,nosooner,notonly放在句首,前一个分句中的主谓要用部分倒装,后一分局则不用倒装。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfatherstoppedhim.NosoonerhadIleftmyhousethanitbeguntorain.Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.不仅要给找工作的人提供帮助,也会给需要医疗的人提供治疗。【但】neither/not...nor引导两个分句时,这两个分句的主谓均要倒装:NeitherdoIknowheraddress,nordoeshe.我不知道她的地址,他也不知道。Notcouldthepatienteat,norcouldhedrink.那个病人既不能吃也不能喝。6、在“so+助动词+主语”和“neither/not+助动词+主语”中:Iwaslateandsowasshe.Theylovehavinglotsoffriends,sodothosewithdisabilities.他们喜欢广交朋友,残疾人也一样。Shewon’tgo,neither/NorwillI.Idon’tknow,nordoIcare.7、在“so+adj./adv+that...”句式中,如将“so+adj./adv”放在句首时:Somovedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.Soloudlydidhespeakthateventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.8、当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had,were或should时,如将if省略,则要将had,were或should等移到主语前:Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.WereISanmao,Iwouldrefuse.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.三、几种特殊形式的倒装1、在as或though引导的让步状语从句中,常把形容词、名词、副词或动词原形放在句首,这是一种形式的倒装:Strangeasitmayseem,hehasarrivedearly.尽管看上去很奇怪,他却到得很早。Childasheis,heknowsalot.Tryashemay(他虽然努力),hewillnotpasstheexam.2、在whatever,however引导的让步状语从句中,常把形容词、名词、或副词与whatever,however一起放在句首,这也是一种形式的倒装:Whatevernonsensethenewspapersprint,somepeoplealwaysbelieveit.无论报纸登载的东西多么荒唐,有些人就是相信。Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.3、在themore...themore...句式中,常把themore放在句首:ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.

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