电力系统介绍-电力英语1-XXXX09

电力英语阅读任惠华北电力大学电力工程系（保定）�1PowerSystemIntroductionPowerdispatchingvoltagecurrentactivepowerreactivepowerstatusofcircuitbreakersStatusofprotectiverelays……电力系统调度�2�3�4�5�6�7Basics•DC/AC直流/交流•Voltage电压•Voltagelevel电压等级110v,220v,380v,3kV,6kV,10kV,20kV,35kV110kV,220kV,330kV,500kV,750kV,1100kV•Phasevoltage相电压,linevoltage线电压•Activepower（realpower）有功功率•Reactivepower无功功率�8Basics~Y0ΔY0Δ~~Y0YΔY0YΔY0YΔY0YΔY0Δ~Y0Δ~~~~�9�10Basics•Generator•PowerTransformer•Circuitbreaker•ProtectiveRelay•…•Dispatchingsystem�11�12�13�14�15�16�17燃煤机组�18PowerDispatching•Dispatchingregulationonpowersystem:issuedin1993byStateCouncil.•Unifieddispatchingandhierarchicalmanagement:fivelevels.Branch-gridlevelRegionallevelCountylevelNationallevelProvinciallevel国调网调省调地调县调�19NationalwidegriddispatchingOperationmanagementofrelatedlarge-scaledplants500(330)KvtransmissionlinesLarge-scaledplantsCoordinateeconomicoperationofvariousbranchgridsMediumandsmallscaleplantsDistributioncenter220Kvtransmissionlines500KvsubstationHighvoltagecustomers220Kvkeysubstation220Kvsubstation110Kv,35Kvsubstation110KvtransmissionlinesandbelowInter-regionalconnectionabove500KvBranch-gridlevelregionallevelCountylevelNationallevelProvinciallevel�20•Powerdispatchingautomationsystem(调度自动化系统).Thetaskisprovidingtooperators(调度员)allvariouskindsofrealtimeinformationofpowersystem,makingmanagementanddispatchingdecisiontoensuresafetyandeconomicaloperationofpowersystem.SometimesitisalsocalledEMS(EnergyManagementSystem)(能量管理系统)�21•EMSincludesthefollowingpoweradvancedsoftware:LoadForecasting(负荷预测),AutomatedGenerationControl(自动发电控制),StateEstimation(状态估计),TransientStabilityAnalysis(暂态稳定分析),OptimalPowerFlow(最优潮流),DispatcherTrainingSimulator(调度员培训仿真系统)…•ThebasicsoftheseadvancedsoftwareisSCADAsystem.�22•Thegeneratorvoltagesareintherangeof11to30kV;highergeneratorvoltagesaredifficulttoobtainbecauseofinsulationproblemsinthenarrowconfinesofthegeneratorstator.•发电机机端电压范围在11kV至30kV之间。机端电压难以达到更高的原因是由于发电机定子的绝缘问题。�23•Transformersarethenusedtostepupthevoltagestotherangeof110to765kV.•由升压变压器将电压升至110kV至765kV。•InCaliforniathebackboneofthetransmissionsystemiscomposedmainlyof500kV,345kV,and230kVthree-phaselines.Thevoltagesrefertovoltagesfromlinetoline.•加州的主干输电网由500kV、345kV和230kV的三相线路组成。上述电压指的是线电压。�24•Onereasonforusinghightransmission-linevoltagesistoimproveenergytransmissionefficiency.Basically,transmissionofagivenamountofpower(atspecifiedpowerfactor)requiresafixedproductofvoltageandlinecurrent.Lowerlinecurrentsareassociatedwithlowerresistivelosses(I2R)intheline.•采用高输电线电压的原因之一是提高能量传输效率。基本上，当传输一定的功率时（在给定功率因数下），电压和线路电流的乘积一定。降低电流相当于降低线路上的电阻性损耗。�25•Theprimaryobjectiveoftheinterconnectionisimprovedservicereliability;alossofgenerationinoneareacanbemadeupbyutilizingsparecapacityinanotherarea.•电网互联的主要目的是提高供电可靠性；一个区域损失的发电量可以由另外一个区域的剩余容量供给。�26•Decision:BuildorUpgradeCitySubstation•城市变电站面临抉择：新建还是扩建•Becausemanycitieshaveexperiencedrapidgrowth,theirsubstationshaveoftenreachedthelimitsoftheircapacity.Asaresult,downtowndistributionsystemsareoftenoverworkedandmanyneedamajorupgrade,overhaul,orexpansion.However,spaceisscarce.•由于城市不断发展，许多城市变电站已经达到其负荷极限，许多配电站急需升级、检修或扩建，问题是空间不足。�27•BCHydrobuiltCathedralSquare,amajor230/12kVundergroundgas-insulatedsubstationlocated62ftunderground,in1984.•BC水电公司于1984年建造了这个位于地下62ft（英尺）的230/12kV气体绝缘地下变电站。•Ithasthreelevelsundergroundandanurbanparkabove.Itoriginallyhadadozen12kVfeeders,buthassinceundergoneseveralupgrades,includingtheadditionof24feedersforacurrenttotalof36.•变电站建在地面以下，分为三层，地面上则是个公园，最初有12条12kV馈电线路，经过几次扩建增加了24条，目前共有36条馈电线路。�28•Usingsomedevicessuchasmagnetictemperatureindicatorsthatmeasuredifferentialtemperaturebetweenloadtap-changer(LTC)oiltanksandmaintransformeroiltanks,theutilityhasmovedfromanannualLTCbreakermaintenancescheduletoanas-neededschedule.•由于使用了一些电磁温度指示器之类的装置来测量有载调压分接头油箱和主变压器邮箱之间的温差，这家电力公司不必像以前那样，每年都要进行LTC开关维修，而是根据需要随时进行维修。�29•On-linemonitoringinformationiscollectedbytheutilitysupervisorycontrolanddataacquisition(SCADA)system,andisthensenttothediagnosticsprogramwherethedataareanalyzedaccordingtopresentparameterssuppliedbyDP&Lengineersandmaintenancepersonnel.•在线监测信息是由监控及数据采集系统收集的。信息输入诊断程序，然后根据由DP&L的工程师和维修人员预先设置好的参数进行数据分析。�30•On-lineequipmentmonitoringisthoughtbymanytobethenextlevelofgatheringandusingsysteminformation.Movingfromtime-basedpreventivemaintenancetocondition-basedmaintenancerequiresinformationontheoperationalstressequipmentissubjectto.•很多人认为在线设备监测是在手机利用系统信息的基础上进行的。从原来的定期进行预防性检修到现在的状态维修，这一转变的关键就是一些主要运行设备的信息。�31参考资料•刘然,包兰宇,景志华.电力专业英语(第二版),中国电力出版社.Unitone:•Theproductionofelectricalenergy电能生产•Abriefhistoryofthepowerindustry能源工业简史Unittwo:•Generatorsandmotors发电机和电动机•Electricityandelectricalcircuits电与电路Unitthree:•Electricalenergytransmission电能输送•Transformers变压器�32•Email:[e-mail]!�33Importanceofdispatchingautomationsystem•localizedprotectiverelayandautomaticequipmentsProtectiverelaysclearfaultasquicklyaspossible.Excitercontrolmaintainsvoltagequalityandbalancesreactivepower.Loadsheddingkeepsfrequencyvariationwithinacceptablerange.……Uselocalinformation.Cancl