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SomenewsaboutHalloweenonUSAtodayCostumes–scaryorcontroversial–ruleHalloweenAseverygoodboyandghoulknows,HalloweenisthisFriday.Thisyear,anumberofpeoplearetakingitfromfuntocontroversial(争议)inlightofsometragicnewsstoriesoftheyear.每个乖孩子和捣蛋鬼都知道这周五是万圣节。很多人的万圣节因为今年发生的几件悲剧的新闻由轻松玩乐变得充满争议。SomeareEbola(埃博拉病毒)workers,whileothershavebeensnappedasNFL'sRayRiceandmanyhavebeencallingthemoutfortheirtakes.Halloweenisallaboutthecostumes–heck(见鬼的),evenLadyLiberty(自由女神)isdressingup–butkeepthefuninthecandy-filledholiday,nottheoffensive(进攻的).一些人为感染埃博拉病毒的工人，更多的人为美国橄榄球联盟的队员RayRice，还有一些人已经从悲剧新闻中恢复过来。万圣节全是关于服装的——见鬼！连自由女神都装扮起来了！我们要在这个充满糖果的节日里好好玩乐，而不是要去进攻。Words•Costume[‘kɑstum]n.服装，装束；戏装，剧装vt.给…穿上服装•scary['skɛri]adj.（事物）可怕的；恐怖的；吓人的；（人）提心吊胆的；引起惊慌的；胆小的•controversial[,kɑntrə'vɝʃl]adj.有争议的；有争论的•ghoul[ɡul]n.（东方神话中的）食尸鬼；盗墓者；以做恐怖事情为乐者•offensive[ə'fɛnsɪv]adj.攻击的；冒犯的；无礼的；讨厌的n.攻势；攻击Phrases•inlightof根据；鉴于；从…观点•tragicnewsstories悲惨的新闻故事•Ebolaworkers感染埃博拉病毒的工人•NFLNationalFootballLeague国家橄榄球联盟•LadyLiberty自由女神OriginofHalloweenTraditionsofHalloweenSymbolsofHalloweenHalloweenisoneoftheworld’soldestholidays,celebratedinseveralcountriesaroundtheglobeincludingtheUSA,Canada,England,Ireland,Scotland,Mexico,LatinAmerica,andSpain.万圣节是世界上最老的节日之一，在10月31日这天，有许多国家，如：美国，加拿大，英格兰，爱尔兰，苏格兰，墨西哥，拉丁美洲，西班牙等，都会庆祝万圣节的来临。OriginofHalloweenHalloweenculturecanbetracedbacktotheDruids,aCelticcultureinIreland,BritainandNorthernEurope.RootslayinthefeastofSamhain,whichwasannuallyonOctober31sttohonorthedead.万圣节文化可以追溯到德鲁伊教，这是一种爱尔兰、北欧和英国的凯尔特文化，根植于萨温节的庆祝活动，萨温节于每年的10月31日纪念逝者。SamhainsignifiessummersendorNovember.Itwasaharvestfestivalwithhugesacredbonfires,markingtheendoftheCelticyearandbeginningofanewone.萨温节表示夏天结束或者十一月，是一个丰收的节日。在萨温节会燃起神圣巨大的篝火，标志着凯尔特一年的结束和新一年的开始。TheCeltsbelievedthatonthenightbeforethenewyear,theboundarybetweentheworldsofthelivingandthedeadbecameblurredasthedeadsearchedfortheafterlife.Thus,onthenightofOctober31st,theycelebratedSamhain,whenitwasbelievedthattheghostsofthedeadreturnedtoEarthtocausemischiefandtrouble.凯尔特人相信在新年的前一晚，阴间和阳间的大门不再门禁森严，此时阴间的鬼魂会趁机跑出来，为阳间的人们带来厄运。所以，在十月三十一日晚上，凯尔特人会庆祝萨温节，以趋魔避邪。Tocommemoratetheevent,peoplebuilthugesacredbonfireswhereanimalsandcropsweresacrificedtotheGodsforprotection,andtohelpscareghostsaway.TheCeltsalsoworecostumestodisguisethemselves,inanattempttoconfusethespiritsroamingtheEarth.凯尔特人借着神圣的营火，燃烧献祭的动物和尸体，以赶走可怕的鬼魂并祈求神的保护。同时，凯尔特人也会假扮成鬼的样子，企图混淆跑到阳间的鬼魂。Evenlater,inA.D.1000,theChristianchurchmadeNovember2ndAllSoul’sDay,adaytohonorthedead.Itwascelebratedwithbigbonfires,parades,anddressingupincostumesassaints,angels,anddevils.Together,thethreecelebrations,AllHallowsEve,AllSaints’DayandAllSouls’Day,werecalledHallowmas.公元一千年左右，基督教订定十一月二日为万灵节，来纪念所有死去的灵魂。以大型营火，游行和变装打扮成圣人，天使或恶灵的方式来庆祝。综合万圣节前夕、万圣节和万灵节统称为Hallowmas.Trick-or-treatingThemoderndaycustomofTrick-or-Treatingoriginatedfromtheveryoldcustomof“Going-a-souling”orbeggingforsoulcakes.Soulcakeswerebakedgoodsofferedtosoulsofthedeparted.ThosenotofferinggoodswereusuallypunishedwithatrickonHalloweennightorhexedwithmisfortuneforthenextyear.•不给糖就捣蛋的游戏起源于要灵魂饼干的习俗，灵魂饼干是烤好的用于祭祀过世的人的饼干。•而穷人们对那些吝啬不给食物的人通常会以恶作剧来惩罚他们，或是诅咒他们下一年都会厄运缠身。TraditionsofHalloweenGirlsaredressedaswitchesastheypreparetotrick-or-treatinDaillens,southwesternSwitzerland.Boysarereadytotrick-or-treatinahousingcompoundinsouthJakarta,Indonesia.PumpkinCarvingCarvedpumpkinsaretraditionallyknownas“Jack-o-lanterns.”Traditionally,thejack-o-lanternwascarvedfromaturnip,potato,orbeetandlitwithaburningcandle.Theselanternsrepresentedthesoulsofdepartedlovedonesandwereplacedinwindowsorsetonporchestowelcomethedeceased.众人皆知的杰克番瓜灯是刻在南瓜上，但人们一开始是在萝卜，马铃薯或甜菜上刻灯笼，然后挖空并点燃蜡烛在里面，形成灯笼。这些灯笼代表着过世的亲友，并被放置在窗边或门廊上，以欢迎他们回来。TraditionsofHalloweenCarvedHalloweenpumpkinsaredisplayedatGranarySquareinLondon.PeopleparticipateinaHalloweenparadeonOct.31inWroclaw,Poland(波兰).CostumepartiesTraditionsofHalloweenMakeupinstructorCarlaMcKeeverposesduringtheZombieSydneyeventattheAustralasianCollegeBroadwayinSydney,Australia.AboywearshisfavoritecostumeduringtheannualHalloweencelebrationatGeorgeHayParkinJohannesburg,SouthAfrica.CostumedpeopleposeforphotographsduringaHalloweenparadeinTokyo.Pro-democracydemonstratorsdressasChineseghoststocelebrateHalloweenintheMongKokdistrict,HongKong.BatsBecausebatsonlyflyatnightandliveintombs,caves,andabandonedchurchesandbuildings,theyarebelievedtobeomensofevil.Theyarecommonlyassociatedwithwitchesandvampires.蝙蝠是其中一项，因为蝙蝠只住在坟墓，洞穴和废弃的教堂或建筑物中，又因为蝙蝠常令人联想到女巫或吸血鬼，因此他们被视为邪恶的象征。SymbolsofHalloweenWitchesWitcheswerethoughttobetellersoffortuneandtocastspells,bothgoodandbad.ThisfrightenedmanybecauseitwasbelievedthatthesepowerswerestrongestonHalloweennight.Manypeopleassociatewitchcrafttoeitherevilorasbeingwise.女巫因为会算命又会下好咒语和坏咒语，人们相信女巫们的能力在10月31日这天会最强，所以让很多人很害怕她们。现在则很多人认为女巫的能力可以是邪恶或具有智慧的。SymbolsofHalloweenOwlsSuperstitionssuggestthatowlsatethesoulsofthedyingbyswoopingtoEarth.Owlsscreechesandtheirglassystareareanomenofdeathanddisaster.传说中，猫头鹰会从天空俯冲下来吃掉人的灵魂。猫头鹰的叫声和眼神让人联想到死亡和灾难。SymbolsofHalloweenBlackcatsCats,forcenturies,havebeenconsideredtobespiritualanimalsthathavetheabilitytosense