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背景：最近有同学反应，上外教课时，有些语法问题要和老师沟通，却不知道一些语法专有名词的英文怎么说，于是，只能用一大串英语来描述一个专有名词。例如，同学想问形容词的用法时，不会“形容词”的英语说法，只好把问题这么描述:：“Whataretherulesofthewordsthatareusedtodescribeapersonorthing?”其实，thewordsthatareusedtodescribeapersonorthing指的就是形容词,形容词的英文说法是“adjective”.有鉴于此，现在把英文语法的专有名词说法，整理如下，同学花个几分钟的时间把他们记起来，下次再想问外教语法问题时，就不用那么麻烦啰！呵呵，其实我就是因为上了外教课，然后他讲了一大堆语法术语，弄了半天我没搞明白，于是咬牙一跺脚，在百度上找了一些资料，有的整理好了的，但不全，于是我再整理了一下，共享到文库中，希望对大家有帮助，我们一起进步吧！^_^语法Grammar结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词性partofspeech单词word名词Noun专有名词propernoun普通名词commonnoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountablenoun抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretenoun物质名词materialnoun集体名词collectivenoun个体名词individualnoun介词preposition连词conjunction动词Verb及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb系动词linkverb助动词auxiliaryverb情态动词modalverb实义动词notionalverb规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb静态动词stateverb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词Adverb疑问副词interrogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb代词Pronoun人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possessivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronoun指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinitepronoun物主代词possessivepronoun名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun冠词Article定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle数词Numeral基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral分数词fractionalnumeral形式form单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform原形baseform句子成分Membersofsentences基本句型basicsentencepattern主语subject谓语predicate宾语object复合宾语complexobject同源宾语cognateobject补语complement宾补objectcomplement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句子Sentence简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence复合句complexsentence并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence陈述句declarativesentence疑问句interrogativesentence一般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句specialquestion选择疑问句alternativequestion反义疑问句disjunctivequestion存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence否定句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感叹句exclamatorysentence从句Clause从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名词从句nominalclause定语从句attributiveclause状语从句adverbialclause宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause同位语从句appositiveclause真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition句法关系句法Syntacticrelationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数Number单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform规则形式regularform不规则形式irregularform格case所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase人称person第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson时态Tense过去将来时pastfuturetense一般现在时presentsimpletense一般过去时pastsimpletense一般将来时futuresimpletense现在完成时pastperfecttense过去完成时presentperfecttense现在进行时presentcontinuoustense过去进行时pastcontinuoustense将来进行时futurecontinuoustense语态Voice主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice语气Mood陈述语气indicativemood祈使语气imperativemood虚拟语气subjunctivemood否定Negation否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否partialnegation转移否定shiftofnegation语序Order自然语序naturalorder倒装语序inversion全部倒装fullinversion部分倒装partialinversion直接引语directspeech间接引语indirectspeech一致Agreement主谓一致subject-predicateagreement语法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原则principleofproximity强调emphasis重复repetition用法usage褒义commendatory贬义derogatory标点符号PunctuationMark句号(.)Period(fullstop)问号(?)Questionmark惊叹号(!)Exclamationmark逗号(,)Comma分号(;)Semicolon冒号(:)Colon引号(“”,‟‟)Quotationmarks破折号(-)Dash省略号(…)Dots(ellipsis)括号()Parentheses(brackets)斜号(/)Slash顿号(、)Slight-pausemark缩写号(„)Apostrophe