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英语的基本句型11.主语(Subject)表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常由名词、代词、主语从句或doing短语等充当。例如：1.Myteacherhatestellinglies.（指老师这个人）2.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepastthirtyyears.所发生的事情—变化）22.谓语(Predicate)说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常由动词或动词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。要弄清两个概念：及物动词：后面直接接宾语的动词；不及物动词：后面不能直接接宾语的动词。例如：1.Childrenlikeplayinggames.2.Theyweretalkingaboutanewfilm.33.宾语(Object)常指及物动词或介词后面使之意思完整的词或短语。常由名词、代词、动词不定式或doing短语等充当。例如：1.Shehasfinisheddoingtheexperiment.2.WelikeEnglishandaregoodatit.44.表语(Predicative)与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征等。常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。英语中常见的连系动词有:look;sound;feel;seem等。例如：1.Hergrandfatherisanengineer.2.Thetwocountrieswereatwarthen.3.Thefactseemsthathedidn’tnoticethecar.55.定语(Attributive)常指修饰名词的词或短语。常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。例如：1.Theblacksweaterismine.2.Wehaveeightclasseseveryday.3.Thecoffeecuponthetableismine.66.状语(Adverbial)常指修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，修饰动词时表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的或方式等；修饰形容词或副词时表示它们的程度等。状语常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。例如：1.Theminersworkveryhard.2.SheoftenhelpsMikeatschool.3.Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelpjumping.77.宾语补足语(ObjectComplement)常指补充说明宾语的成分，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。例如：1.Shekeepsthehousecleaneveryday.2.Nobodycallsmealiar.3.Welastsawhimplayingontheplayground.8五种基本句型1.主语+不及物动词Everybodysmiled.2.主语+及物动词+宾语Heknowseverything.3.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Ishowedhimmypassport.4.主语+系动词+表语Theboylookshealthy.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语Whatmadeyouangry?祈使句的主语一般都省略掉9一主语+不及物动词1.主语+不及物动词Thesunisrising.Itwillsnow.Canyoufly?2.主语+不及物动词+状语Didyousleepwell?Sheoftendreams.YougofirstandIwillfollowbehind.103.主语+不及物动词+副词(构成成语动词)Theenginebrokedown.Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?Thebombblewup.4.主语+不及物动词(有被动意思)Isthebooksellingwell?Doesthisclothwashwell?11二主语+及物动词+宾语1.主语+及物动词+名词(代词)Doyouknowthem?Helovedice-cream.2.主语+及物动词+反身代词NowIwillintroducemyself.Theyblamedthemselvesfortheaccident.123.主语+及物动词+不定式(做宾语)Wecan’taffordtopaysuchaprice.Youmusttrytoimprove.Heforgotwhichwaytogo.4.主语+及物动词+doing(做宾语)Wouldyoumindwaitingforafewminutes?Ipreferstanding.Iproposerestingforhalfanhour.135.主语+及物动词+从句(做宾语)Heclaimedthathesawtheaccident.Isuggested(that)we(should)leaveearly.DoyouseewhyIdidit?Sheaskedifshemightcallandseeme.I’lldowhatIcan.Idon’trememberwhenthathappened.14三主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语1.主语+双宾动词+人+物Shegavemehertelephonenumber.(to)I’llmakeyousomefreshtea.(for)Theyboughthimanewbike.2.主语+双宾动词+人+从句Ihavewarnedhimthatitisnotallowed.Sheshowedmewhereherleghurt.Tellmewhateveryouknowaboutit.15间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,read,write等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有：buy,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，choose,sing,等。161.感官类：feel,look,sound,taste,smell.2.变化类：grow,become,turn,get,go3.其他类：cometrue,fallill,staycalm,keepfit,remainseated,standstillseemsad,appearrich,proveuseful四主语+系动词+表语171.主语+系动词+形容词Howareyou?I’mfine.Hehasfallenill.Theykeptsilent.2.主语+系动词+名词Hisdreamhasatlastbecomeareality.Heappearedafool.Itsoundsagoodidea.183.主语+系动词+副词IsHelenin?Summerisover.Thelightison.4.主语+系动词+介词短语Youknowwhatyouareafter.Keepoffthegrass.Thestudentsareinfavourofreform.5.主语+系动词+不定式Hisplanistokeepitsecret.Theonlythingnowistotakeataxi.196.主语+系动词+doingMyjobisrepairingcars.Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.Hishobbyisplayingchess.7.主语+系动词+表语从句Myopinionisthattheplanwon’twork.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.That’swherewediffer.That’showIlookatit.Theproblemiswhocanbeputincharge.208.主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语Sheisfondofthiscountry.Iwassickoflyinginbed.Theyseemdelightedwiththeresult.9.主语+系动词+形容词+不定式（原因状语）I’mhappytomeetyou.Shewaseagertoseeherpeople.10.主语+系动词+形容词+宾语从句I’mgladyouhavecome.We’renotclearwhatthey’reupto.Iamnotcertainwhoheis.He’sdoubtfulwhetherhecanaffordit.21五.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补1.主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.Theydidn’tbelievesuchathingpossible.Youmustmaketheclassroomclean.2.主语+及物动词+宾语+名词TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.WeelectedSmithourchairman.223.主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语Heputhisbooksinorder.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.Shewasplacedinaverydifficultposition.4.主语+及物动词+宾语+副词Shewishedherselfhome.Don’tleavemebehind.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?Iwishyoutobehappy.Theteachersencourageustokeeptrying.236.主语+及物动词+宾语+不带to的不定式Wecan’tletthisgoon.Didyounoticehimcomein?7.主语+及物动词+宾语+doingIsawherchattingwithNancy.Ifoundaboysleepinginclass.Youmustn’tleavethelightsburning.8.主语+及物动词+宾语+过去分词Hehadhishaircutyesterday.Youmustmakeyourselfrespected.Youhavetogetthecomputerrepaired.24练习:判断下面的句子是哪种句型1.Yoursisterdancesbeautifully.2.Theyprovedthattheearthwasround.3.Thisfoodlooksinviting.4.Doingthatwouldbeplayingwithfire.主谓主谓宾主系表主谓宾255.Theykepttheirroomtidyandclean.6.Heplayedhappily.7.Iadvisewaitingtilltomorrowmorning8.Showmewhatyoubought.9.Sheneverdoubtedthatshewasright.10.Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.主谓宾宾补主谓主谓宾主谓双宾主谓宾主谓宾宾补2611.Thepalaceswerelargeandbeautiful.12.Horse-riding,hammerthrowandshootingaresomeofthemoreunusualevents.13.Aspeciescanbecomeendangeredfordifferentreasons.主系表主系表主系表2714.Harryseemslikeanormalboy.15.Itsoundedlikeawomancrying.16.Tomsuddenlyfeltcold.17.Youcanplantatreeorbuildabirdhouse.主系表主系表主系表主谓宾2818.Stevealsowantsustothinkabutwhatwedo.19.Iwilltellmyfriendstoprotecttheenvironment.主谓宾宾补主