英语语法填空

2018届语法填空考纲解读一篇200字左右的短文能力考查：理解语篇、句子结构、运用语法、单词短语空格类型(1)纯空格题(2)用括号中所给词填空共10空Howtofillintheblanks?一读二填三检查快速浏览全文，理解大意分析并判断具体形式语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理纯空格题解题技巧若空格后是名词，且它没有限定词（冠词/形容词性物主代词/不定代词）修饰，很可能填________冠词Skill1:◆可数名词是禁止裸奔的。所谓不能裸奔就是不能既没有冠词，也不能没有复数形式。不可数名词才有资格裸奔。所以，空格后面如果是裸奔的可数名词，那么通常是填冠词的。Imethimin_____shopwhichsellsfruit.Waterischangedintosteambyheatandintoicebycold.a◆另外，裸奔的可数名词如果在上文出现过，这时候填定冠词the（再次提到，表示特指）。Imetaboyonthestreet.____boyiswaitingforataxi.The◆谈话双方都知道的人或事物、世上独一无二的东西、序数词、形容词最高级以及形容词only,very,same前用定冠词theJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Theredsunlightsuptheskyandtheearth.【小结】：冠词的语法填空归根结底就是要看出裸奔的名词到底是特指(填the)还是泛指(填a)。【即时练习】1.MyfriendVernonDavieskeptbirds…Heaskedmetofeed______birdsforhim.2.Hequicklypickedup_____telephoneonhisdesk.3.Peoplekeepdogstoprotectthemselves…Forachild,______dogishisbestfriend.4.Whenthereiscaraccident,policeofficerswillfindoutifanyofthedriversisusingacellphone.5.Tom,8-year-oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshopandsatatatablethetheaana句子不缺主语、表语，动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，通常填_____介词介词的考查：多数情况下出现在固定搭配中1.Ithinkit’sagoodidea___youtocomebacktoChina.2.Thoughsheisagirl,sheisinterested____football.forinItbeadj./nforsbtodosthbeinterestedinSkill2:但：1.Hewasverytired____________doingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.2.July1,1997sawthereturnofHongKongtoChina.ThedayourChinesepeoplehadlookedforwardto_________(come)atlast.所以有时要谨防陷阱！after/fromcame两个或几个并列结构的单词/短语之间没有连词，考虑填___________并列连词Skill3:Iamveryexcited_____inspiredbythegoodnewsthatyouhavebeenadmittedintoHarvardUniversity.and若两个句子（一个主谓结构算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，填_________或___________1.Heworkedhard,_________hesucceededfinally.2.Thebuilding___________standsneartheriverisourschool.并列连词从属连词that/which（连接主句和定语从句/名词性从句/状语从句）and/soSkill4:Skill5:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词1.由强调句型(Itis/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他部分)，判断填it还是that。____wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精)!解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填It。2.由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had等，还是填do,does,did等。_______withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.解析：由canyouexpectto…可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only+状语(withhardwork)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。3.so/such…that…句型。如：Thismadethegoatsojealous____itbeganplottingagainst(谋划对付)thedonkey.解析：由句式结构知这是so…that…句型，应填that4.more…than…与其说……不如说……;比……更……Lily’sstoryshowsthatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares___howmuchhepays.解析：由句式结构可知，这是more…than…句型，故填than。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。有提示词解题技巧一、提供动词若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致。1.Mr.Smith_____(give)hiswifetwentypoundsforherbirthday.2.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,_______(buy)somebananasandvisitedhercousin.解析：and是并列连词。此处went,bought和visited为并列谓语，时态也一致。Skill1:首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。gavebought若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。①doing②done③todoSkill2:表主动/正在进行/持续表被动/完成表将来或目的具体的方法主要有：◆作主语或宾语，通常用-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。1.Itisnotenoughonly______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填tomemorize。2.___________(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon'tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary…解析：句中已有谓语won'tmake，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。◆作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。1._______(complete)theprojectasplanned,we'llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.解析：因句中已有谓语willhavetowork，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填Tocomplete。2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely___________(succeed).解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填tosucceed。另，belikelytodosth为固定结构。◆作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。1.Hesawthestone,________(say)tohimself,“Thenightwillbeverydark.”解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,________(follow)bytheforeignguests.解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因theheadmaster与follow是被动关系，故用followed作伴随状语。特别提醒：有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：Janeknewfrompastexperiencethather_______(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析：所给词choose虽然是动词，但在从句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。考查谓语动词与非谓语动词1.Hespititout,_________(say)itwasawful.2.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman________(sit)atthefront.3.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,__________(wear)sunglasses.4.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.sayingsittingwearing【练一练】wastold5.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_________(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.6.Theproverb,“pluckingupacrop______(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.7.Hewalkedinasifhe___________(buy)theschool.8.Suddenly,he________(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.broketohelphadboughtfound9.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor________(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.10.Thesituationwassoseverethattherewasnotime__________(debate)whoistoblame.11.Withtheproblem________(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.12.Withalotofhomework________(do),Ican’tgoshoppingwithmyfriends.solvedpushedtodebatetodo二、词类转换这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所充当的句子成分来确定用哪种形式，具体技巧如下：形容词性物主代词之后；冠词之后，介词之前；充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等；通常填______