Simile

Chapter1Simile明喻ObjectivesofLearningSimile•Toknowwhatsimileis.•Toknowtheclassificationsofsimile.•Toknowthatsimileisculturalspecific.Simile1.1Whatissimile?•Simileisacomparisonbetweentwounlikethingsfromdifferentdomains.•Thesefoursentencesarenotsimile,becausethetwothingsinvolvedbelongtothesamedomain.Simileornot?•-JohnlookslikehisbrotherBilly.•-Mycarrunsasfastasthetrain.•-Thechildislikeaman.•-Theonestandingtherelookslikeabeggar.Simile1.2Whatissimilecomposedof?•AislikeB.--Aisthesubject(本体).--Bisthereference(喻体).--thesimilemarker(比喻词):as,belike,seem,besimilarto,beakinto,asif/though,suchas,compare…to,treat…as,regard…as;1.3Theclassificationsofsimile:Theexamplesofsimilecanbe•descriptive(描述型);•illustrative(说明型)–toexplain;•illuminative(启发型)–togivelightto.1.3Theclassificationsofsimile:descriptive,illustrativeorilluminative?Whatkindofsimiledotheybelongto?1.Athoughtstruckhimlikeasilverdagger.2.Tennisislikeapingponggamescaleduptoasizablecourt.3.Sometimesourfateresemblesafruittreeinwinter.Whowouldthinkthatthosebrancheswouldturngreenagainandbloom?Butwehopeit,weknowit.有时候我们的命运就像冬天里的一株果树，谁会相信那些树枝还会变绿开花呢？但我们知道，我们仍抱着希望。DescriptivesimileFillintheblankswiththewordsdam&wall.1.Hewasamanwhoneversmiled,andwhosefacewasasblankasawhitewashed___.2.Thetensionsofthetwo-dayexercisebrokelikea___givingwaytoaflood,andshelaughedwiththem,comfortedthosewhocriedwithrelief.Comparethefollowingsentenceswiththeonesintheleft.1’.Hewasamanwhoneversmiled,andwhohasablankface.2.Thetensionsofthetwo-dayexercisebroke,andshelaughedwiththem,comfortedthosewhocriedwithrelief.DescriptivesimileQuestion:Whatisthefeatureofdescriptivesimile?Wecanseeinourmind’seyethevividpicturesofwhatisbeingtalkedabout,thusenhancingourunderstandingofthesentences.IllustrativesimileCatch-22:Atriumph,aclassicofthisera.”(LosAngelesMirror);•Somereviewsofthebookcanbefoundonthebackpartofthejacket.Thereviewsarealwayspositive,becausethey’rejustliketheadsforthebooks.•Ineverwalkedintomyowntailor’swithoutfeelingapologetic.IknowIamunworthyoftheirefforts.ItisasifamanwithoutanearformusicshouldbeinvitedtospendaneveningwiththeLenerQuartet(四重奏).Illustrativesimile•研究术数，不妨换一下去研究文辞，再反复去讲求经义，探究名理，这样循环不停，最终一定会有心得收获，这就等于挑担子不断换肩。一尺长的木棍，每天截取它的一半，终身用不完，专心一个方面，没有变化，兴趣固然容易枯竭，力量也容易感到不足。IllustrativesimileQuestion:Whatisthepurposeofusinganillustrativesimile?•Answer:Toillustrate/explainadifficultorabstractpointbyusingsomethingconcrete,somethingcommonorwhatwe’refamiliarwith.Illuminativesimile•Ifyouhavenoaiminyourlife,youwilldrift.Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.“Yourmindislikethiswater,myfriend,whenitisagitated,itbecomesdifficulttosee,butifyouallowittosettle,theanswerbecomesclear.”–LinesfromKongfuPanda•Question:Whatisthepurposeofusingthiskindofsimile?1.4DiscussionDiscussion:Inwhatwaycanwesaysimileisinspiring?•Thecomparisoninvolvedinsimileshowstheauthor’sintuitiveinsightintothecomparabilityofthetwothings.Andweasreaders,canperceivethehiddensimilarity,ortheignoredsimilarity,andhaveabetterunderstandingofthethingsbeingtalkedabout.1.5Assignmentonsimile:ReadtheparagraphwrittenbyBertrandRussell.•Readtheparagraphwiththesimile“Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver.”--“HowtoGrowOld”•Personalityistomanwhatperfumeistoaflower.人格之于人，犹如芳香之于花。•Judiciouspraiseistochildrenwhatthesunistoflowers.明智的表扬对于孩子的作用，就像阳光对于花朵的作用。1.6Theparticularsentencestructuresinwhichsimilesareused:ThewhatstructureThestructurewith“nomore…than”:•Afoolcannomoreseehisownfollythanhecanseehisears.–WilliamM.Thackeray愚人不能自知其愚，犹如其不能自视其耳。•Wehavenomorerighttoconsumehappinesswithoutproducingitthantoconsumewealthwithoutproducingit.–BernardShaw我们不创造幸福就无权享受幸福，正如不创造财富也就无权享用财富一样。1.7Simileisculturalspecific.1.7.1CaseAnalysis--Whichsentenceisbetterwritten?Sentence1:Thepoolwastoocrowdedandthewaterwastoodirty.Swimmerswerejustlikedumplingsbeingcookedinsesamepaste.•游泳池里人太多，水太脏，在里面游泳简直就像芝麻酱里煮饺子。Sentence2:Thewaterofthepoolwastoodirty,andwhatwasmore,theswimmerswerepackedlikesardines.•游泳池塞得像沙丁鱼罐头一样拥挤不堪。Question:1.WhichsentenceisacceptabletonativeEnglishspeakers?2.whenworkingoutanexampleofsimile,whatfactorhastobeconsidered?--acceptabletonativeEnglishspeakers--word-for-wordtranslationfromChineseintoEnglish;--giveriseto;--barrier;failureincommunication1.7.2EnglishidiomsVSChineseidioms•toeatlikeahorse•todrinklikeafish•likeadrownedrat•likeapeacockamongsparrows•likeahenonahotgirdle(烤盘)•asdrunkasarat•asmerryasacricket(蟋蟀)•狼吞虎咽•牛饮•像落汤鸡一样•鹤立鸡群•像热锅上的蚂蚁•烂醉如泥•快乐如神仙；快乐得像喜鹊/百灵鸟1.7.2EnglishidiomsVSChineseidioms•aspoorasachurchmouse(cliche)•ascloseasanoyster(牡蛎)•asstupidasagoose•一贫如洗•守口如瓶•愚蠢如猪1.8Worn-outanduselesssimilesThefollowingimageshaveoutworntheirusefulnessandshouldbesentintothedustbinwheretheybelong:•-freshasarose•-beautifulasaflower•-braveasalion•-cunningasafox•-whiteassnow•-sweetassugar•-slyasafox•-proudasapeacock