多视角下我国风景名胜区特许经营探讨

29220073RESOURCESSCIENCEVol.29,No.2Mar.,2007:1007-7588(2007)02-0034-06:2006-05-12;:2006-10-13::,,,,E2mail:[e-mail]1,2,1,1(11,100101;21,100049):,,,,,,,,,:,,;,,:;;;;1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2211:,;,(),,,()[14]()[57](,,(),)[8]()[9,10]212,,,,,(),;,,,,,12,1618,,,,(Singer)[8],1920,,;[11],,,,[12],,,,,213,,,,[13],,,;,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,331118,1782,,,:53292:,,:,;,,;[14]312(2003827),,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,:,;[15],,,,,,1985621,,,,,;,44111965,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,10,20,,,7%63292215%3%,,20%(),;80%,,,,,,,,412,,,,:(1),,,(2),,,,,:,;,;,(3),,,(),,,,(4),,;,,(5),,,,1982,,,[16],,,,,,,,5511,,,:,,;,,;,,,,;,,,,,,512200591,,73292:,,513:(1),,(2)(3),,(4),,(5),,,,,(References):[1].[M].:,20011[ZHUMing2xia.Franchise[M].Beijing:UniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomicsPress,20011][2].[M].:,19951[WANGLin.Franchise[M].Beijing:ChineseProletarianPublisher,19951][3].[M].:,20021[ZHAOTao.TheManagementofFranchise[M].Beijing:ThePublisherofChineseProletarianUniversity20021][4].[J].,2003,(3):59621[HUKai.Riskanalysisoffranchise[J].ValueEngineering,2003,(3):59621][5].[J].,2002,17(4):56621[RENXue2qing.Theexploreforbasiclawissuestofranchise[J].LegalForum,2002,17(4):56621][6].[J].,2002,(6):54581[HANQiang.Thedutysharingandriskdefenderoffranchise[J].Law,2002,(6):54581][7].[J].,2003,1(9):86881[GANBao2ran.SimplediscussionofFranchiseslawattributes[J].EconomicandSocialDevelopment,2003,1(9):86881][8].[J].,2001,(3):22241[LIUFeng2jun.TheessentialandthemeaningofCloneforfranchise[J].ScienceResearch,2001,(3):22241][9].[J].,2005,(4):15181[SUMing.Thediscussionoftheessenceoffranchise[J].TheBusinessmanofChina,2005,(4):15181][10],.[J].,2004,(2):27301[YANGRao2zhong,YANGHong2xia.Theessentialsoffranchiseandthekeystoitssuccess[J].InformationofEconomicsandLaw,2004,(2):27301][11].[J].(),2002,(4):45471[YANGYong2bin.Researchaboutfranchise[J].NanYangUniversityJournal(AcademicJournals),2002,(4):45471][12],.[J].,2004,19(4):66681[ZHENGYu2qin,HUANGHai2bo.Basiclawcategoryresearchofinternationalfranchise[J].JournalofGuangxiAdministrativeCadreInstituteofPoliticsandLaw,2004,19(4):66681][13].[M].:,20041[ZHANGLei.Theexploitationofmineralsresourcesandnationalindustrialization[M].Beijing:CommercialPress,20041][14].[J].,2003,(12):451[LIDong2xu.Mercerizationofpublicutilityindustryandtheenactmentoftheconcessionsystem[J].UrbanandRuralBuild,2003,(12):451][15].[J].,2003,18(4):43461[MAMei.Onparadoxofpubicproduct[J].TourismTribune,2003,18(4):43461][16].[M].:,20041[LIRu2sheng.ManageSystemonAmericanNationalPark[M].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&BuildingPress,20041]83292ComprehensiveDiscussiononBusinessConcessioninChinaNationalParksZHONGSai2xiang1,2,GUShu2zhong1,YANSheng2hu1(11InstituteofGeographicalSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS,Beijing100101,China;21GraduateSchooloftheChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China)Abstract:Asaresourcessystem,NationalParksfunctionishigherthanallkindsofresourcesaswellasbasesonthem,andthewholefunctionisalsobiggerthanthesummationfunctionofeverypart.Single2managingbodycouldnotadministrateanduseitefficiently,andonlymanagementcouldnotdealwithcorrelativeaffairefficiently,andGovernmentorQuasi2governmentisneededtoharmonizeandadministratethewholeprocess.So,puremanagementisinapplicabletoNationalParks.Aimedatsolvingorreleasingtheshortoffundsintourismresourcesexploitation&protectandthecertaininefficienciesinmanagement,thispapertriestoexplainthenecessityandfeasibilityandapplicabilityofbusinessconcessioninNationalParkbasedontheanalysisoffranchiseandpublicutilityconcessionandNationalParkConcession.Firstly,asfarasfranchiseisconcerned,thefranchisementrelationshipisahalf2organizationstyleamongmarketandenterpriseandnetworknization.Theco2operationsbetweenEnterpriseswithindependentlegalpersonqualificationscansolvethebottleneckswhichbothofthemareconfrontedwith,andcanreducemoreorganizingconsumptionthroughthemarketthananyothertradestyles.AstoChinaNationalParks,theyhavebeenshoulderingtheimportanttaskthatpassesthescenicandHistoriccultureresourcesoninter2generationforeverandlinksthematalltimes.Asthesupervisor,oneside,theyshouldtomaintainthepowertocontrolandsupervisetheresourcessystemandpreservethewholefunctionsoftheresources.Ontheotherside,theyalsoshouldmeetneedsandrightsofthewholecountrytoappreciatescenicandHistoricresources.Atthesametime,governmentneedstoprotectandconstructthemefficiently.Secondly,Whatwithwantoffundsofgovernmentandthepoorquality&lowefficiencyandwhatwiththeincreasinglydemandforpublicservicesandgoodsbothinquantityandquality,PublicUtilityConcession,asanewmodel,hasbeendevelopinghealthilyandquickly.Sameways,ChinaNationalParksdesiderateanewadministrationmodeltocorrectthedistortingstatusinrunningandsupervisingashasbeensaidabove.Thirdly,therunningandadministratingmodelofforeigncountrysnationalpark,especiallyitsessentialprocedurescanbereferenced.So,thispaperconcluded:1)thebusinessconcessioninNationalParkhasgreatapplicability.Toahigherdegree,itcanstrengthentheadministrationofgovernmenttoNationalParkandtheenactmentoftourismconstitutionsystem;2)Althoughtherearemanydiffe