英语写作诊所TheClinicofEnglishWriting英语写作常见错误与分析一、不一致DISAGREEMENTS所谓不一致,不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等.Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.改为:Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewantsto.二、修饰语错位MISPLACEDMODIFIERS英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.分析:better位置不当,应置于句末.三.句子不完整SENTENCEFRAGMENTS在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,又想加些补充说明时发生.Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.Forexample,byTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.剖析:“forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句.改为:Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radioandnewspaper.四.悬垂修饰语DANGLINGMODIFIERS所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例1:Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.这句中“attheageoften”只点出十岁时,但没有说明“谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了.改为:WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.例2.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.句中不定式短语“todowellincollege”的逻辑主语不清楚.改为:Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.五.词性误用MISUSEOFPARTSOFSPEECH“词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等.Nobodycannegativetheimportanceofmoney.剖析:negative系形容词,误作动词。改为:Nobodycandenytheimportanceofmoney.六、指代不清AMBIGUOUSREFERENCEOFPRONOUNS指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。改为:Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.七.不间断句子RUN-ONSENTENCESTherearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整意思Therearemanyways.Wegettoknowtheoutsideworld.简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为:Therearemanywaysforustolearnabouttheoutsideworld.Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecomeacquaintedwiththeoutsideworld.八.措词毛病TROUBLESINDICTIONDiction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)Theincreasinguseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.九.累赘REDUNDANCY言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如:Inspiteofthefactthatheislazy,Ilikehim.本句的“thefactthatheislazy”系同位语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”的规则,改为:Inspiteofhislaziness,Ilikehim.十.不连贯INCOHERENCE不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是学生常犯的毛病。Thefreshwater,itisthemostimportantthingsoftheearth.剖析:Thefreshwater与逗号后的it不连贯。It与things在数方面不一致。改为:Freshwateristhemostimportantthingintheworld.十一.综合性语言错误COMPREHENSIVEMISUSAGE所谓“综合性语言错误”,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误。Today,Moneytoeverybodyisveryimportance,our’seat,cloth,live,go,etc.