日本介绍(英文版)

TheCultureofJapanWitheconomic,culturalandreligiousinfluencefromneighboringAsianstates,Japanhasproducedauniquecultureofitsown.Nowlet’senjoythecharm(魅力)ofJapanesecultureandlookatsomeofitspopularicons.Contents•life•society•art•cultureclothesThetraditionaldressofJapanisthekimono（和服）.Kimonos,whicharegenerallymadeofsilk,havelargesleevesandreachfromtheshouldersallthewaydowntotheheels.Theyaretiedwithawidebelt.Kimonosarenowusuallywornonlyonspecialoccasions,weddings,andgraduationceremonies.thestyleKimonosrangefromextremelyformaltocasual.Thelevelofformalityofwomen'skimonoisdeterminedmostlybythepatternofthefabric,andcolor.Youngwomen'skimonoshavelongersleeves,signifyingthattheyarenotmarried,andtendtobemoreelaboratethansimilarlyformalolderwomen'skimono.[5]Men'skimonosareusuallyonebasicshapeandaremainlyworninsubduedcolors.Formalityisalsodeterminedbythetypeandcolorofaccessories,thefabric,andthenumberorabsenceofkamon(familycrests),withfivecrestssignifyingextremeformality.[5]Silkisthemostdesirable,andmostformal,fabric.Kimonosmadeoffabricssuchascottonandpolyestergenerallyreflectamorecasualstyle和服的范围从非常正式的去休闲。形式化程度的女性的和服是由模式确定主要的面料和颜色。年轻女性的和服袖子长,意味着他们不结婚,往往是更复杂的比同样正式老年妇女的和服。[5]男人的和服通常是一个基本的形状和主要是穿在柔和的颜色。手续也取决于类型和颜色的配件、面料、号码或没有加们(家徽),有5个波峰代表极端拘谨。[5]丝绸是最理想,最正式的,织物。和服织物制作的如棉和聚酯通常反映出一个更加随意的风格Kimonosrangefromextremelyformaltocasual.Thelevelofformalityofwomen'skimonoisdetwithcameraontheModerncityJapanhasabsorbedmanyideasfromothercountriesoverthecourseofitshistory,includingtechnology,customs,andformsofculturalexpression,andhasdevelopeditsuniqueculturewhileintegratingtheseimports.TheJapaneselifestyletodayisarichblendofAsian-influencedtraditionalcultureandWestern-influencedmodernculture.foodSushiNowadays,sushibarsareeverywhere.JapanesecuisineJapanesefoodmostlyconsistsoffishinsteadofmeat,andalsosoybeans,soitisgoodforthehealth.Foodsthataremostwellreceivedbyforeignersaretempura「tem'purə」天妇罗,sukiyaki[suki:'jɑ:ki:]鸡素烧,sushi['su:ʃi:]寿司,sashimi[sɑ:'ʃi:mi]生鱼片,buckwheatnoodles荞麦面条,andsoybeancurdFirst:Tempura「tem'purə」天妇罗2/Sukiyaki[suki:'jɑ:ki:]鸡素烧•SukiyakiisoneoftherepresentativefoodsofJapan.Thenamecomesfromthefarmer’spadesometimesusedtocookon.Sukiyakirefersdirectlytobroilingbeefonthespade,alongwithsoybeancurd,leeks,andvegetables.Theseasoning调料includessoysauce[sɔ:s],sweetsake,andsugar.3Buckwheat['bʌkwi:t]noodles荞麦面条•BuckwheatnoodlesorsobaisalsoatypicalJapanesedish.Therearesomepeoplethateatsobaatleastonceaday.Manyofficeworkersmakeitahabittohavesobaforlunch.Sobanoodlesareamixtureofbuckwheat,flour['flauə]面粉andeggs.Itlookssimilartospaghettiinshape.Itisfirstboiled,andthendippedinasoupmadeofsoysauce,salt,sweetsake,andbonito[bə'ni:təu]shavingswhenitisbeingeaten.Becausesobaislong,itisconsideredasymboloflonglife.EatingaMealBeforeeating,Japanesepeoplesayitadakimasu,apolitephrasemeaningIreceivethisfood.Thisexpressesthankstowhoeverworkedtopreparethefoodinthemeal.Aftereating,peopleonceagainexpresstheirthanksforthemealbysayinggochisosamadeshita,whichliterallymeansitwasquiteafeast.TheJapaneseDiningTableThemosttraditionalJapanesemealisaservingofplain,whiterice,alongwithamaindish(fishormeat),somekindofsidedish(oftencookedvegetables),soupandpickledvegetables.ThewordGeishaisderivedfrom“Gei”,whichinJapaneseperformanceorentertainer,and“sha”,whichmeans“person”,anddatesback400yearsagototheEdoperiod（江户时代）.DuringthisperiodtheGeishaentertainedatbanquetsandsocialgatheringsbyplayingShamise(日本三弦琴),singing,andgivingdanceperformances.Thereisoftenamisconception（误解）bysomethatGeishaareprostitutes（娼妓）,butnothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruthGeishaarerefinedandculturedgirlsandwomanwhoarehighlytrainedinavarietyoftraditionalskills.BesidesplayingShamisen（日本三弦琴）,singing,anddancing,theGeishaperformtheJapaneseteaceremony,andarewellversed(精通的)intheartofconversation.ManylearntospeakEnglishtoentertainWesternguests.ThetraininginvolvedinbecomingaGeishaisveryrigorous（严格的）,andbecauseofthisthenumbersofGeishaaredeclining.TodayinJapanesehotelsandrestaurantsGeishastillentertainatbanquetsandsocializewithguests,andtheroleoftheGeishainJapanesesocietyisalwaysasourceofcuriosityfortourists.sumo（すもう），古称素舞，起源于中国，唐朝时传入日本，由两名大力士裸露上身，互相角力。日本有关相扑比较确切的文字记载，是八世纪初编纂成的《日本书纪》，书内记述第三十五代天皇（六四一～六四五年）为了接待古代朝鲜百济国使者，召集了宫廷卫士举行相扑竞赛。尽管有人称，中国相扑和日本有关系。但日本的相扑是否由中国输入，目前没见到明确记载。后来成为日本的国技，日本的国际性的格斗术和体育运动。作为专业竞技项目，在日本国内称作大相扑。（二）武士道精神Bushidō武士道,literallythewayofthewarrior,isaJapanesewordforthewayofthesamurailife,looselyanalogoustotheconceptofchivalry.TheBushidooriginatesfromthesamuraimoralcodestressingfrugality,loyalty,martialartsmastery,andhonoruntodeath.BornfromNeo-ConfucianismduringtimesofpeaceinTokugawaJapanandfollowingConfuciantexts,BushidowasalsoinfluencedbyShintoandZenBuddhism,allowingtheviolentexistenceofthesamuraitobetemperedbywisdomandserenity.Bushidōdevelopedbetweenthe9thand20thcenturiesandnumeroustranslateddocumentsdatingfromthe12thto16thcenturiesdemonstrateitswideinfluenceacrossthewholeofJapan,[1]althoughsomescholarshavenotedthetermbushidōitselfisrarelyattestedinpremodernliteratureBushidō(武士道?),字面上的“战士”,是一个日语单词的方式