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ForensicLinguistics主讲人：武金婷[fəˈrensɪk]forensicbelongingto,usedin,orsuitabletocourtsofjudicatureortopublicdiscussionanddebateContents01/Definition02/History03/AreasofStudy04/UseofLinguisticEvidenceinLegalProceedingsForensicLinguistics01DefinitionofForensicLinguisticsForensiclinguistics,legallinguistics,orlanguageandthelaw,istheapplicationoflinguisticknowledge,methodsandinsightstotheforensiccontextoflaw,language,crimeinvestigation,trial,andjudicialprocedure(司法程序).Itisabranchofappliedlinguistics.Forensiclinguistic01.Definitionofforensiclinguistics02HistoryofForensicLinguisticsIn1968:ThephraseforensiclinguisticsfirstappearedorusedbyJanSvartvik,aprofessoroflinguistics.Inthe1980s:Australianlinguistsdiscussedtheapplicationoflinguisticsandsociolinguisticstolegalissues.In1993:thefieldhaveprofessionalassociationssuchastheInternationalAssociationofForensicLinguists(IAFL)(国际司法语言学家协会)Inthe2000s:Aconsiderableshiftinthefieldofforensiclinguistics,whichhasbeendescribedasacoming-of-ageofthediscipline.In2017,theAustrianAssociationofForensicLinguists(AALL)founded.02.HistoryForensiclinguisticAreasofStudy03a.ThelanguageoflegaltextsThestudyofthelanguageoflegaltextsencompassesawiderangeofforensictexts.Thatincludesthestudyoftexttypesandformsofanalysis.Anytextoritemofspokenlanguagecanpotentiallybeaforensictextwhenitisusedinalegalorcriminalcontext.ThisincludesanalyzingthelinguisticsofdocumentsasdiverseasActsofParliament(orotherlaw-makingbody),privatewills(私人遗嘱),courtjudgements（法院判决）andsummonses（法院传票）andthestatutes(法规；法令)ofotherbodies,suchasStatesandgovernmentdepartments.01Forensiclinguisticb.ThelanguageoflegalprocessesAmongotherthings,thisareaexamineslanguageasitisusedincross-examination(盘问),evidencepresentation,judge‘sdirection,policecautions,policetestimonies（警方证词）incourt,summinguptoajury（召集陪审团）,interviewtechniques,thequestioningprocessincourtandinotherareassuchaspoliceinterviews.02Forensiclinguistic04UseofLinguisticEvidenceinLegalProceedingsForensicphonetic（司法语音学）Theforensicphoneticianisconcernedwiththeproductionofaccuratetranscriptionsofwhatwasbeingsaid.Transcriptionscanrevealinformationaboutaspeaker'ssocialandregionalbackground.Forensicphoneticscandeterminesimilaritiesbetweenthespeakersoftwoormoreseparaterecordings.Voicerecordingasasupplementtothetranscriptioncanbeusefulasitallowsvictimsandwitnessestoindicatewhetherthevoiceofasuspectisthatoftheaccused.01Forensicstylistics（司法文体学）Thisdisciplinesubjectswrittenorspokenmaterials(orboth),toscientificanalysisfordeterminationandmeasurementofcontent,meaning,speakeridentification,ordeterminationofauthorship,inidentifyingplagiarism.OneoftheearliestcaseswhereforensicstylisticswasusedtodetectplagiarismwasthecaseofHelenKeller’sshortstory“TheFrostKing.TheblindAmericanauthorwasaccusedofplagiarismin1892withregardtotheshortstory.Uponinvestigation,TheFrostKingwasfoundtohavebeenplagiarisedfromMargaretCanby'sbookFrostFairieswhichhadbeenreadtohersometimeago.Kellerwasdiscoveredtohavemadeonlyminutechangestocommonwordsandphrasesandusedlesscommonwordstoputthesamepointacross,suggestingmerealterationstooriginalideas.02DiscourseAnalysis（话语分析）DiscourseAnalysisdealswithanalyzingwritten,oral,orsignlanguageuse,oranysignificantsemiotic(符号学的)event.Accordingtothemethod,thecloseanalysisofacovert（秘密的）recordingcanproduceusefuldeductions.Theuseof‘I’insteadof‘We’inarecordinghighlightsnon-complicity（共犯）inaconspiracy（阴谋）.Theutteranceof‘yeah’and‘uh-huh’asresponsesindicatethatthesuspectunderstandsthesuggestion,whilefeedbackmarkerssuchas‘yeah’and‘uh-huh’donotdenotethesuspect‘sagreementtothesuggestion.Discourseanalysisarenotalwaysallowedtotestifybutduringpreparationforacasetheyareoftenusefultolawyers.03Forensiclinguistic·Linguisticdialectology·AuthorIdentification:Theidentificationofwhetheragivenindividualsaidorwrotesomethingreliesonanalysisoftheiridiolect.(个人语言方式)*Evidencefromforensiclinguisticshasmorepowertoeliminatesomeoneasasuspectthantoprovehimorherguilty,ForensicLinguisticsisanewly-developedcross-disciplinaryfield.It’sveryusefultous.Forensiclinguistic04OtherUsagesForensiclinguistic[1][2]CentreforForensicLinguistics.AstonUniversity.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonSeptember272010.[3][4]Howdoesforensiclinguistics/stylisticsworkincriminalissues?Answers.enotes.com.March5,2014.References文末参考文献格式APA格式不采用文献编号的方式排列。中文部分和英文部分分开排列，但均以作者姓氏字母（由A到Z）依序排列。一、期刊格式：作者（出版年）。文章名称。期刊名称，卷（期），页码。（注意中英文标点符号不同）范例：1.何兆雄（1995）。汉语文化中的礼貌研究。《外国语》，12（5），2-8。2.Wood,L.A.&Kroger,R.O.(1991).Politenessandformsofaddress.JournalofLanguageandSocialPsychology,10,145-148.二、一般书籍格式：作者（出版年）。《书名》(版次)。出版地：出版者。（注意中英文标点符号不同）范例：何兆雄（1989）。《语用学概要》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。Ellis,R.(1994).Thestudyofsecondlanguageacquisition.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.三、论文集格式：作者（出版年）。篇或章名。载于□□□（主编），书名（页码）。出版地：出版者。范例：林正常（1997）。转换生成语法的哲学基础。载王芳（主编），《语言学与哲学》（pp.46-59）。北京：高等教育出版社。Berry,M.(1996).Whatistheme?InM.Berry,C.Butler,R.Fawcett,&G.H