中考专题--主谓一致和倒装句(含答案)

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主谓一致和倒装句01命题趋势主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一,经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则,其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看,主要以单项选择为主,在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。02定义主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致,即主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式;若主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则,是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。03知识归类语法一致原则使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。Thegirlisfondofsinging.Toprotecttheenvironmentisourduty.Readinginthesunisbadforoureyes.表示复数的名词、代词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。Thestudentsarehavingtheirmathclass.TheyhavebeentoQingdaotwice.and连接主语时,如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式;如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词),则谓语动词要用单数形式。Eatingvegetablesanddoingexercisearegoodforourhealth.Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.both…and…连接主语,谓语动词用复数形式。BothPeterandMikecomefromEngland.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses,shorts,trousers,jeans,Jack’sglassesarebroken.Linda’sshoesareblackandshoes,clothes,gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。blue.“anumberof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。Anumberoftreeshavebeenplanted.Thenumberofthementeachersinourschoolismorethan120.不定代词another,eachone,either,neither,theother,somebody,someone,something,nobody,everybody,everyone,everything,nothing,anybody,anything,anyone,noone等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Iseveryonehere?Somethingiswrongwithmycomputer.Icalledlastnight,butnobodywasin.主语后面跟with,alongwith,like,except,besides,aswellas,togetherwith,including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas等词或短语时,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致MeiMei,withherparents,oftengoestotheparkonSunday.Ateacher,togetherwithsomestudents,isstandingatthegate.主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“akind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/…)of”等时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。ThiskindofcarismadeinChina.Largequantitiesofwaterareneeded.“分数或百分数+名词”作主语或“alotof/lotsof,plentyof,mostof+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;若名词是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。Twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.MostofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.特例清单1.what从句作主语时,如果表示的是单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示的是复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:Whatweneedistime.我们需要的是时间。Whatsheneedsaregoodbooks.她需要的是一些好书。2.and连接并列主语,若前面有each,every,manya,no等词修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotapresent.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。【题组训练】()1.Climbinghills_____goodforourhealth.A.areB.isC.wasD.were()2.—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—Itogetherwithmyclassmates____goingtoclimbMountQian.A.isB.amC.areD.Were()3.—Icalledyouat5:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.—Sorry,Iwithmyparents______atthattime.A.wasshoppingB.wereshoppingC.areshoppingD.wentshopping()4.Anumberofvolunteers____fromfarawaycities.A.isB.areC.iscomeD.arccome()5.Thezookeeperisworriedbecausethenumberofvisitors________smallerandsmaller.A.becomeB.arebecomingC.isbecomingD.havebecome意义一致原则使用情况例句使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family,team,group,government,class,staff,public等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定:若它们表示一个集体单位,则动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的成员,则谓语用复数形式。Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.Hisfamilyarefondofwatchingsportsprograms.有些集合名词如people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽)等,形式上是单数,而意义上却表示复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;有些名词如news,means,works,physics,politics,maths等,形式上是复数,而意义上却表示单数,因此谓语动词用单数形式。Thepolicearesearchingforthemurder.Physicsisreallydifficultforme“the+某些形容词”可以表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Theyoungareenergetic.某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),therest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时,谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。Halfoftheworkhasbeenfinished.Halfoftheworkershavefinishedtheirworkaheadoftime.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,通常视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。Twopoundsisn’tsoheavy.Twomonthsisalongholiday.Tenyuanisenough.Tenminusfiveisfive.特例清单1.某些以s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如theUnitedStates,theNetherlands等,谓语动词用单数形式;如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.美国是一个发达的国家。TheNiagaraFallsareperhapsthemostsplendidwaterfallintheworld.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。2.none如果指量,动词用单数;若用来指数目,与可数名词连用,谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可;none如果代指不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数。如:Noneofthemoneybelongstome.没有一分钱是属于我的。Noneofthestudentshas/havebeentoEgyptinourclass.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。3.“all/most/half/therestof+名词”作主语,谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如:Mostofhermoneyisspentonclothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。HalfofthestudentswatchTVtwiceaweek.一半的学生一周看两次电视。【题组训练】()6.—Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask?—Yes.Anothertendays______enough.A.isB.wasC.areD.were()7.Look!Thepolice_____thefoodontothebankoftheriver.A.amcarryingB.iscarryingC.arecarryingD.arecarried()8.—Maths______myfavoritesubject.Whataboutyou?—Physics_______.Ithinkit’sveryinteresting.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;is()9.Thankstotheorganization,somemoney______giventothepoorchildren.A.wasB.wereC.are()10.—Howsooncanyoufinishthisjob?—Twodays____enoughformetofinishthework.Ineedaweek.A.isn’tB.aren’tC.is就近一致原则使用情况例句由or,either…or…,nor,neither…nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,notonly…butalso…等连词连接并列主语时,谓语动词必Neitheryounorheiswrong.NotonlyJimbutalsohisfriendsareenjoyingthefilm.须与它相邻的主语保持一致Here/therebe句型中句子的主语在be之后,系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.Thereisanorangeandtwoapplesontheplate.【题组训练】()11.—NeitherTonynorI____interestedinplayingWeibo.—Youareout.A.amB.isC.are()12.There______greatchangesinsuchkindofPDAs(掌上电脑)inthelastfe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