高考英语:非谓语动词考点

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外教一对一文章来源:高考英语:非谓语动词考点一、分类:动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词的过去分词总的特点:1.非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致。2.Doing/Todo(sth.)+单数V:非谓语动词作主语,谓语用单数。二、动词不定式1、特点:表将来2、形式:①基本型:to+动词原形(do)。②被动式:tobedone③完成时:tohavedone④进行时:tobedoing3、句子功能:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语(宾补)Eg:①Tocatchtheearlytrain,you`llhavetogetupearly.(目的状语)②Irushedthereinataxionlytofindthelibraryclosed.(结果状语:意外结果)。③Thisisverygoodmusictodanceto.(定语)④ItisnecessarytolearnEnglishwell.(主语,it为形式主语)4、不定式的省略1)(为了避免重复)并列结构中第二个to:IwanttogetupearlyandreadEnglish.例外:前后表对比时,to不可省去:Tobeornottobe,thatisthequestion.Itisbettertoloseone’slifethantoloseone’sspirit.2)(为了避免重复)省去to后的不定式结构:—Wouldyouliketogoshopping?—Yes,I`dliketo.例外:to后有have/be时,保留be或have—Didyougoshoppingyesterday?—No,butIoughttohave.5、不定式主动形式表被动意义外教一对一文章来源:)主(sth)+be+主补/表语(表性质的adj.+todo)2)主+Vt+宾语+宾补(adj.+todo)3)主+Vt+宾语+定语(todo):不定式作定语与所修饰的名词(代词)构成逻辑动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。Cf:主+Vt+宾语+定语(tobedone):不定式的执行者被省略,不是句子的主语。注:1)主补中的不定式(todo)与主语,宾补中的不定式(todo)与宾语为逻辑动宾关系。2)常见的adj.:important,light,heavy,difficult,hard,easy,expensive,cheap,dangerous,impossible,comfortable,fit,pleasant,interesting,nice,etc.Eg:①Thisbagisheavytocarry.②Thisstoryisnotinterestingenoughtopublish.③Theyfoundthequestiondifficulttoanswer.④Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗?Cf:Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?三、动词的-ing形式1、特点:表现在、进行、主动2、形式:1)基本型:doing2)被动式:beingdone3)完成时:havingdone3、句子功能:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。4、Vt+doing:只能跟动名词作宾语的动词admit(承认),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),delay(延误),dislike,enjoy,escape(逃避),excuse(原谅),feellike(想要),finish,forgive(原谅),giveup,imagine(想像),keep,mention(提及),mind,miss,practise,putoff,resist(抵抗),risk,suggest,can'thelp(禁不住),can'tstand(无法忍受)5、V/adj.+to+(doing)sth:带有介词to的动词(形容词短语)外教一对一文章来源:(习惯于),stickto(坚持),giveriseto(使...发生),payattentionto(注意),objectto(反对),leadto(导致),lookforwardto(期望),lookupto(尊敬),getdownto(着手做),devoteoneselfto(献身于),contributeto(贡献,导致)Eg:1.Itisnousearguingwithhim.(主语,it为形式主语)2.Themeetingbeingheldnowisimportant.(定语)Cf:Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisimportant.(不定式作定语)Themeetingheldyesterdayisimportant.(过去分词作定语)3.Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(原因状语;表主动)对比:Seenfromthetopofthehill,thevillageappearsbeautiful.(过去分词)四、动词的过去分词1、特点:表被动、过去、完成。2、句子功能:定语、状语、补语、表语。Eg:Hecouldn`tmakehimselfunderstood.(宾补)Thepachlookedbeautiful,coveredwithfallenleaves.(伴随状语)五、独立主格结构1、逻辑主语A+非谓语动词,主语B+谓语非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,补上其逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构1)Therebeingnobuses,wewenthomeonfoot.2)Timepermitting,I`llcometovisityou.3)Homeworkdone,hewenttobed.2、with复合结构:with+宾语(名词代词)+宾补(adj/adv/介短/todo/doing/done)Withthewindowopen/closed,hefellasleep.3、adj复合结构:主语A+谓语,逻辑主语B+形容词(短语)Hestaredatme,hiseyesbrightwithtears.外教一对一文章来源:

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