高考英语主旨大意题答题技巧

高考英语主旨大意题答题技巧我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(mainidea，mainlyabout)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。一、主要内容型[技巧点拨]弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。经典例题1.That’swhenJackarrivedonthescene.HewasdifferentfromanyotherguyI’ddated.Hecouldsitforhoursonthepianobenchwithmymother,discussingsomecomposers.MybrotherRickloudlyannouncedthatJackwasn’taturkeyliketheotherguysI’dbroughthome.Jackpassedmyfamily’stest.ButwhataboutDad’s?WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Jackgotthefamily’sapprovalexceptDad’s.B.Jackwasdifferentfromanyotherboy.C.JackwasgettingonwellwithMother.D.Jackknewalotaboutpiano.答案：A解析：通过第二段的内容可知Jack赢得了作者全家人的欣赏，但由于作者的父亲已去世，作者不知道Jack在父亲那儿是否也能通过，故A正确。2.Haveyoueverbeentotheworld’ssmallestbookstore?Theworld’ssmallestbookstore,whoseofficialnameisjustthesethreewords,sitsquietlyabout100milesnortheastofToronto.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theworld’ssmallestbookstore.B.Astrangewayofsellingbooks.C.Thepopularbooksnowadays.D.Thepopularbookstoresintheworld答案：A解析：文章第一段用一个问句引出了本文的主题：你去过世界上最小的图书馆吗?后文对该图书馆做了详细的描述，所以本文的主题就是A项。3.It’sgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.TheypayS5foracaramelbrul6elattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.It’sundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions(性情)，butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare,assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBern,byobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.Ifweknewourownminds，whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior?Ifourmindswereanopenbook,wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actually，weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.Moreover,wedon’tjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter.Weinfercharactersthatweren’ttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus,whichwefailtorecognize.Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidn't.Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake,peoplebecomewhattheydo，thoughitmaynotbeincompliance(符合)withtheirtruedesires.Therefore,weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegufsadvice：“Wearewhatwepretendtobe,sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe.’’Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A.Personalitiesandattitudes.B.Preferencesandhabits.C.Behaviorandpersonalities.D.Attitudesandpreferences.答案：C解析：本文的第一段提出普遍观点“行为来自个性和态度”，第二段含but的首句才是本文要提出的观点，“行为来自个性这是不可否认的，但在许多情况下，我们会作出推论：我们是谁”，第三段和第四段说“我们的行为还来自于我们周围人的压力，可能并不是我们真实的愿望”即“行为不一定来自个性”，因此，全文是说“行为与个性之间的关系”。另外，文中不断复现的词即为本文的关键词，是讨论的中心。behavior(行为)共出现了8次(act一次,behavior六次,behave一次)，personalities(个性)以近义的形式复现了6次(innerdispositions,character,characters,innerdisposition,truedesires)，因此，本文主要讨论的是behavior和personalities，故选C。二.文章标题型文章标题就是对文章的主要意思的概括，因此，解答这类题的方法与解答主旨要义题的方法基本相同，都是寻找主题句，或归纳主要内容。但主要内容题(mainidea，mainlyabout)的选项多用句子的形式，而标题多用短语(特别是名词短语)的形式，且具有以下3个特点：(1)概括性：准确而又简短。(2)针对性：内容范围相符，“帽子”不大不小。(3)醒目性：新颖奇特，能引发读者急迫的阅读欲望。推敲选项正误的4个小窍门：1.正确选项一般含有抽象名词或概括性词语，不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。2.概括全面、范围一致、说明道理的选项一般是正确答案。3.四个选项中，内容完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案。4.干扰项特点：(1)概括范围太窄，只含局部信息或某个细节;(2)概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容;(3)无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。经典例题1.It’snoteasy,evendesperate.“Wehavemanychildrenlefttoplace:40outof75,”saidStraub,whoworksforaParis-basedforeignexchangeprogrammecalledLEC.Whenexchangeprogrammestarted50yearsago,familylifewasmoreaccommodating.Foronething,moremothersstayedhome.Butnow,increasingnumbersofwomenworkoutsidethehome.Exchange-studentprogramshavestruggledinrecentyearstosignuphostfamiliesforthe30,000teenagerswhoannuallycomefromabroadtospendtheiracademicyearintheUnitedStates,aswellasthethousandsmorewhoparticipateinsummerprogrammes.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.ExchangeStudentsKeepOldPeopleYoungB.IdeaofHostingStudentsIsDifferentC.Foreign-exchangeProgramIsGoingOnD.USStrugglestoFindHostFamilies答案：D解析：根据第二段It’snoteasy,evendesperate.及下文描述的未来在美国的交换生申请寄宿家庭越来越困难及其原因和相应对策，可知D项可以概括文章的内容，适合作文章标题。2.3Dprintingisoneofthelatestandmostremarkabledevelopmentsinatechnologythatisrapidlychanginghowthingsgetproduced.Herearesomeofamazingthingshewingdonetodayuse3Dprintingtechnology.Inspiteoftheusesof3Dprintingabove,thetechnologystillhasitslimits.Itcan'tcreatecomplexobjectssuchasanApplePhone.Whichisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A.Thelimitationsof3DprintingB.Thedisadvantagesof3DprintingC.Theusesof3Dprinter;D.Thefutureof3Dprinting答案：C解析：根据第一段最后一句话“Herearesomeofamazingthingshewingdonetodayuse3Dprintingtechnology.”及最后一段中的“Inspiteoftheusesof3Dprintingabove…”可知本文主要是介绍3D打印技术的用途，故C项表述正确。三.写作目的型这类题的题干中常有purpose,或者后面接有表