Leadership-style

Leadershipstyleisthemannerandapproachofprovidingdirection,implementingplans,andmotivatingpeople.KurtLewin(1939)ledagroupofresearcherstoidentifydifferentstylesofleadership.Thisearlystudyhasbeenveryinfluentialandestablishedthreemajorleadershipstyles.Thethreemajorstylesofleadershipare:1.Authoritarian(专制型的)2.Participative(参与性的)3.Delegative(授权性的)Goodleadersuseallthreestyles,withoneofthemnormallydominant.BadleaderstendtostickwithonestyleAuthoritarian(autocratic)Keywords:Iwantbothofyouto...Thisstyleisusedwhenleaderstelltheiremployeeswhattheywantdoneandhowtheywantitaccompished,withoutgettingtheadviceoftheirfollowers.Thisisnotanabusive,unprofessionalstylecalledbossingpeoplearound.Ithasnoplaceinaleader'srepertoire.Theauthoritarianstyleshouldnormallyonlybeusedonrareoccasions.Participative(democratic)Keywords:Let'sworktogethertosolvethis...Thisstyleinvolvestheleaderincludingemployeesinthedecisionmakingprocess(determiningwhattodoandhowtodoit).Itisasignofstrengththatyouremployeeswillrespect.Thisisnormallyusedwhenyoubothhavesomeinformation.Notethataleaderisnotexpectedtoknoweverything.Usingthisstyleisofmutualbenefit.Delegative(freereign)Keywords:YoutwotakecareoftheproblemwhileIgo...Inthisstyle,theleaderallowstheemployeestomakethedecisions.Thisisusedwhenemployeesareabletoanalyzethesituationanddeterminewhatneedstobedoneandhowtodoit..Thisisnotastyletousesothatyoucanblameotherswhenthingsgowrong..Donotbeafraidtouseit,however,useitwisely!ABiographyofNelsonRolihlahlaMandelaAGreatLeadermakinghisowncontributiontothefreedomstruggleofhispeople.NelsonRolihlahlaMandelaHewasborninTranskei,SouthAfricaonJuly18,1918.HejoinedtheAfricanNationalCongressin1944andwasengagedinresistanceagainsttheruling(统治的)NationalParty'sapartheid(种族隔离)policiesafter1948.NelsonMandelaarguedforthesettingupofamilitarywingwithintheANC.In1961,theANCexecutive(行政人员)consideredhisproposalontheuseofviolenttactics(战术)andagreedthatthosememberswhowishedtoinvolvethemselvesinMandela'scampaignwouldnotbestoppedfromdoingsobytheANC.ThisledtotheformationofUmkhontoweSizwe(非国大军事组织“民族之矛”).In1963,whenmanyfellowleadersoftheANCandtheUmkhontoweSizwewerearrested.Mandelawasbroughttostandtrial(审判)forplotting(策划)tooverthrow(推翻)thegovernmentbyviolence.AttheendofhisfourhourstatementtothecourtNelsonMandelastated:DuringmylifetimeIhavededicatedmyselftothisstruggleoftheAfricanpeople.Ihavefoughtagainstwhitedomination,andIhavefoughtagainstblackdomination.Ihavecherishedtheidealofademocraticandfreesocietyinwhichallpersonslivetogetherinharmonyandwithequalopportunities.ItisanidealwhichIhopetoliveforandtoachieve.Butifneedsbe,itisanidealforwhichIampreparedtodie.OnJune12,1964,eightoftheaccused,includingMandela,weresentencedtolifeimprisonment.FollowinghisreleasefromprisononFebruary11,1990,Mandelasupportedreconciliation(调停)andnegotiation,andhelpedleadthetransition(过渡时期)towardsmulti-racialdemocracyinSouthAfrica.Sincetheendofapartheid,manyhavefrequentlypraisedMandela,includingformeropponents(对手).Mandelahasreceivedmorethanonehundredawardsoverfourdecades,mostnotably(显着地)theNobelPeacePrizein1993.GreatLeaderFranklinD.RooseveltFranklinDelanoRoosevelt32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1933-1945)Born:January30,1882,HydePark,NewYorkNickname:FDREducation:HarvardCollege(graduated1903),ColumbiaLawSchoolReligion:EpiscopalianMarriage:March17,1905,toAnnaEleanorRoosevelt(1884-1962)Children:AnnaEleanor(1906-1975),James(1907-1991),FranklinDelanoJr.(1909),Elliott(1910-1990),FranklinDelanoJr.(1914-1988),JohnAspinwall(1916-1981)Career:PublicOfficial,LawyerPoliticalParty:DemocratWritings:TheHappyWarrior,AlfredE.Smith(1928),F.D.R.:HisPersonalLetters(4vols.,1947-50),ed.byElliottRooseveltDied:April12,1945,WarmSprings,GeorgiaBuried:HydePark,NewYorkNewDealDuringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,RooseveltcreatedtheNewDealtoproviderelieffortheunemployed,recoveryoftheeconomy,andreformoftheeconomicandbankingsystems.ForeignAffairsFDRcommittedtheUnitedStatestothedefeatofthefascistpowersofGermany,Japan,andItaly,andledthenationanditsalliestothebrinkofvictory.fascist[ˈfæʃist]法西斯allies[ˈælaiz]同盟，盟军UnbelievableDifficultiesFranklinRoosevelthascomeacrosswithunbelievabledifficultiesintheproceedingofNewDeal.Thepolicywasrejectedbytheentrepreneurs.entrepreneurs[ˌɔntrəprəˈnə:s]企业家FranklinRooseveltwastheonlyU.S.presidenttohaveservedmorethantwoterms，hisopponentsweredesperatelytotakeoverhisauthority，especiallytheformerpresidentHerbertClarkHoover.AndtherewerepeoplewhowerewaytooradicalabouttheproceedingofNewDeal.PresidentRoosevelthadtoconvincethosepeopletoslowdowntheprocess，andmeanwhile，maintainaclearheadtopreventhimselffrombeingradical.radical[ˈrædikəl]根本的,基本的;彻底的,完全的FranklinRooseveltwasborntobeapresident.FranklinRooseveltwasagiftedleader.BornLeaderNeverrushedintoanydecisionandhenevertrytowinallthetime.Goodimage.Thepresidentkepthimselfclear-headedallthetime.HehadthecouragetotakethechallengethecontributionthatFranklinRoosevelthasmadetoUSAandtotheworldisincredibleandfascinating.TheTop10WaysToImproveYourLeadershipSkills1.Haveaclearvisionofyourself,others,andtheworld.2.K