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11.Somepeoplethinkthatstrictpunishmentsfordrivingoffencesarethekeytoreducingtrafficaccidents.Others,however,believethatothermeasureswouldbemoreeffectiveinimprovingroadsafety.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.Sample:Peoplehavedifferingviewswithregardtothequestionofhowtomakeourroadssafer.Inmyview,bothpunishmentsandarangeofothermeasurescanbeusedtogethertopromotebetterdrivinghabits.Ontheonehand,strictpunishmentscancertainlyhelptoencouragepeopletodrivemoresafely.Penaltiesfordangerousdriverscanactasadeterrent,meaningthatpeopleavoidrepeatingthesameoffence.Therearevarioustypesofdrivingpenalty,suchassmallfines,licencesuspension,driverawarenesscourses,andevenprisonsentences.Theaimofthesepunishmentsistoshowdangerousdriversthattheiractionshavenegativeconsequences.Asaresult,wewouldhopethatdriversbecomemoredisciplinedandalert,andthattheyfollowtherulesmorecarefully.Ontheotherhand,Ibelievethatsafedrivingcanbepromotedinseveraldifferentwaysthatdonotpunishdrivers.Firstly,itisvitallyimportanttoeducatepeopleproperlybeforetheystarttodrive,andthiscouldbedoneinschoolsorevenaspartofanextendedormoredifficultdrivingtest.Secondly,moreattentioncouldbepaidtosaferoaddesign.Forexample,signscanbeusedtowarnpeople,speedbumpsandroadbendscanbeaddedtocalmtraffic,andspeedcamerascanhelptodeterpeoplefromdrivingtooquickly.Finally,governmentsorlocalcouncilscouldreduceroadaccidentsbyinvestinginbetterpublictransport,whichwouldmeanthatfewerpeoplewouldneedtotravelbycar.Inconclusion,whilepunishmentscanhelptopreventbaddriving,Ibelievethatotherroadsafetymeasuresshouldalsobeintroduced.(269words)2.Wildanimalshavenoplaceinthe21stcentury,soprotectingthemisawasteofresources.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Sample:Somepeoplearguethatitispointlesstospendmoneyontheprotectionofwildanimalsbecausewehumanshavenoneedforthem.Icompletelydisagreewiththispointofview.Inmyopinion,itisabsurdtoarguethatwildanimalshavenoplaceinthe21stcentury.IdonotbelievethatplanetEarthexistsonlyforthebenefitofhumans,andthereisnothingspecialaboutthisparticularcenturythatmeansthatwesuddenlyhavetherighttoalloworencouragetheextinctionofanyspecies.Furthermore,thereisnocompellingreasonwhyweshouldletanimalsdieout.Wedonotneedtoexploitordestroyeverylastsquaremetreoflandinordertofeedoraccommodatetheworld’spopulation.Thereisplentyofroomforustoexistsidebysidewithwildanimals,andthisshouldbeouraim.Ialsodisagreewiththeideathatprotectinganimalsisawasteofresources.Itisusuallytheprotectionofnaturalhabitatsthatensuresthesurvivalofwildanimals,andmostscientistsagreethatthesehabitatsarealsocrucialforhumansurvival.Forexample,rainforestsproduceoxygen,absorbcarbondioxideandstabilisetheEarth’sclimate.Ifwedestroyedtheseareas,thecostsofmanagingtheresultingchangestoourplanetwouldfaroutweighthecostsofconservation.Byprotectingwildanimalsandtheirhabitats,wemaintainthenaturalbalanceofalllifeonEarth.Inconclusion,wehavenorighttodecidewhetherornotwildanimalsshouldexist,andIbelievethatweshoulddoeverythingwecantoprotectthem.(269words,band9)23.Happinessisconsideredveryimportantinlife.Whyisitdifficulttodefine?Whatfactorsareimportantinachievinghappiness?Sample:Itisnodoubttruethatthemajorityofpeoplewouldliketobehappyintheirlives.Whilethepersonalnatureofhappinessmakesitdifficulttodescribe,theredoseemtobesomecommonneedsthatweallsharewithregardtoexperiencingorachievinghappiness.Happinessisdifficulttodefinebecauseitmeanssomethingdifferenttoeachindividualperson.Nobodycanfullyunderstandorexperienceanotherperson’sfeelings,andweallhaveourownparticularpassionsfromwhichwetakepleasure.Somepeople,forexample,deriveasenseofsatisfactionfromearningmoneyorachievingsuccess,whereasforothers,healthandfamilyaremuchmoreimportant.Atthesametime,arangeofotherfeelings,fromexcitementtopeacefulness,maybeassociatedwiththeideaofhappiness,andthesamepersonmaythereforefeelhappyinavarietyofdifferentways.Althoughitseemsalmostimpossibletogiveaprecisedefinitionofhappiness,mostpeoplewouldagreethattherearesomebasicpreconditionstoachievingit.Firstly,itishardforapersontobehappyifheorshedoesnothaveasafeplacetoliveandenoughfoodtoeat.Ourbasicsurvivalneedsmustsurelybemetbeforewecanleadapleasantlife.Secondly,thegreatestjoyinlifeisusuallyfoundinsharedexperienceswithfamilyandfriends,anditisraretofindapersonwhoiscontenttoliveincompleteisolation.Otherkeyfactorscouldbeindividualfreedomandasenseofpurposeinlife.Inconclusion,happinessisdifficulttodefinebecauseitisparticulartoeachindividual,butIbelievethatourbasicneedsforshelter,foodandcompanyneedtobefulfilledbeforewecanexperienceit.(292words,band9)4.Explainsomeofthewaysinwhichhumansaredamagingtheenvironment.Whatcangovernmentsdotoaddresstheseproblems?Whatcanindividualpeopledo?Sample:Humansareresponsibleforavarietyofenvironmentalproblems,butwecanalsotakestepstoreducethedamagethatwearecausingtotheplanet.Thisessaywilldiscussenvironmentalproblemsandthemeasuresthatgovernmentsandindividualscantaketoaddresstheseproblems.Twoofthebiggestthreatstotheenvironmentareairpollutionandwaste.Gasemissionsfromfactoriesandexhaustfumesfromvehicleslead