非谓语-动名词

Ifthere’sanykindofmagicinthisworld,itmustbeintheattemptofunderstandingsomeone,sharingsomething.如果世上真的有什么奇迹，那么一定是去理解他人和与人分享。非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive不定式Gerund动名词Participle分词-ing分词-ed分词Gerund一.Structure：doingNegative：notdoing二.时态和语态主动语态被动语态ing一般式完成式makinghavingmade(不作定语）beingmadehavingbeenmade(不作定语三、动名词与现在分词动名词与现在分词同形（v-ing），但是，两者有各自的语法名称和作用：1）当v-ing形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，被称为动名词gerund。2）当v-ing形式在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语、定语时，被称为现在分词(PP)。可见，二者都可以作表语和定语。（一）作表语时的区别1、现在分词作表语表示主语的特征或属性；2、动名词作表语表示主语的内容、功能等。1.Thenewsisexciting.(现在分词表特征）2.Herworkisnursingchildren.（动名词表内容）3.HerfavoritejobisteachingEnglish.动名词表内容）4.Thestorysoundsinteresting.(现在分词表特征）（二）作定语时的区别1、动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的作用、用途等，常常放在所修饰名词之前；2、现在分词作定语表示它所修饰的名词的动作，被修饰名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主谓关系，说明所修饰的词、所代表的人或物所做的动作或特征；单个分词作定语，位于所修饰的名词之前，分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词之后。1.flyingfish=fishwhichcanfly飞鱼（现在分词）2.flyingsuit=suitforflying飞行衣（动名词）四.在句中承担的成分:1.作主语2.作宾语3.作定语4.作表语Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusiness.1.作主语:Seeingisbelieving.e.g.---Whatmadehimsounhappy?---____theticketforthefootballmatch.A.HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BecauseoflosingD.LosingKey:________DLosingtheticketforthefootballmatchmadehimsounhappy对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。Cryingoverthespiltmilkisnouse.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.类似的还有：Itisnogooddoingsth.Itisnousedoingsth.IenjoylearningEnglish.Howaboutmeetingoutsidethetheatre?2.作宾语:Vt.Prep.+doing下列动词通常用~ing形式作宾语：admit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,can’thelp,等。如:1）你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴.Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday．3）Goodnewskeepscoming.下列V.+prep.通常用~ing形式作宾语,尤其注意介词toe.g.insiston,prevent…from,dependon,feellike,befondof,succeedin,beproudof,excuse…for,apologizefor,lookforwardto,objectto,beusedto,beopposedto,…etc.Prep.后通常用~ing形式作宾语.e.g.Theboystoodstillwithout__________(dare)toraisehisheadbecauseof___________(break)avase.daringhavingbrokentodo和doing的区别:remembertodorememberdoingforgettodoforgetdoingstoptodostopdoinggoontodogoondoingtrytodo努力trydoing试着regrettodoregretdoingmeantodomeandoing注意:动词如：permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider有不同的用法:①V+sbtodosth&V+doingsthe.g.：Thedoctoradvisedmenottogotobedtoolate.Pleasepermitmetointroducemyselftoyoufirst．Yousurelycan'tconsiderhimtobeaselfishman．Myparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid-night．Iallowedthechildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes.advise／permit／allow／admit／forbid／considerdoingsth.e.g.：Thelittleboyadmittedhavingbrokentheglass.Theyshouldn'tallowparkinginthestreet;it'stoonarrow.Iforbidsmokinginmyhouse．Wedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice．3.作表语Myhobbyiscollectingstampsandfishing.Hisjobisteaching.What’sthedifferencebetweenthem?I’mfishing.Myhobbyisfishing.动名词现在分词4.作定语:awalkingstickAswimmingpoolAsleepingcar区别ThewalkingmanTheswimminggirlThesleepingboy动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态动名词表示被动意义（P247）:在动词或词组need,want,require,beworth,deserve,etc.后的动名词表示被动意义相当于动词不定式的被动形式:Yourcompositionneedsimproving.Yourcompositionneedstobeimproved.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.Thebookisworthytoberead/ofbeingreadasecondtime.Exercise-ing分词(以make为例)-ed分词主动语态被动语态一般式完成式主动语态被动语态一般式完成式HavingmademakingbeingmadeHavingbeenmademadeXXX分词在句中承担的成分:由于分词具有形容词性和副词性,在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语.成份类别主语宾语定语表语补语状语现在分词××过去分词××1.作定语--thesunwhichisrising-ing分词和-ed分词修饰名词有前置位&后置位.1.therisingsun2.Heisaretiredworker.--Heisaworkerwhohasalreadyretired.e.g.3.Theproblembotheringusisthelackofmoney.4.ThesearegoodsimportedfromJapan.前置位:后置位---Theproblem(whichis)botheringusisthelackofmoneyWhat’sthedifferencebetween-edand–ingparticiple?-ing分词表示“进行”-ed分词表示“完成”-ing分词表示“主动”-ed分词表示“被动”主动进行被动完成在时态上:在语态上:---Thesearegoods(whichwere)importedfromJapan.Exercises:The_________(work)peoplehaveplayedagreatroleintheactivity.Idon'tlike______(can)food,Iprefersomethingfresh.workingcanned1.站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。Thegirl_____________________byhermotherlookedverytimid.2.最近到处在议论的话题都与2008年奥运会有关。Thetopics_____________________everywhererecentlyisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.whowasstandingstandingbeingdiscussedwhicharebeingdiscussedWhat’sthedifference?1.ThetopicsbeingdiscussedeverywhererecentlyisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.tobediscusseddiscussed进行完成将来2.Thetopics________________(discuss)attomorrow’smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.3.Thetopics_______________(discuss)atyesterday’smeetingwasabouttheOlympics2008.巩固练习一用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Theman__________(question)inthepolicestationnowisaspy．2)Aman_______(respect)otherswillberespected．3)Halfoftheguests_______(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.4)Thematter_________(discuss)isveryimportant．beingquestionedrespectinginvitedbeingdiscussed5.被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。Theboywassenttothehospitalimmediately.6.每天给我办公室送邮件的人是位退休工人.Themaneverydayisaretiredworker.injuredbythecardeliveringmailstomyofficeTheglassisbroken.Thefoodsmellsinviting.2.作表语Whathesaidsounds__________(convince).Hewas___________(interest)inwhathelearnedinCanadaandhethoughteverythinginCanadawas____________(interest)．convincinginterestedinteresting这道菜香味怡人。Pleasefillintheblankwi