英语修辞学ENGLISH-RHETORIC---iEthos--Pathos--Logos

Platoisdeartome,butdearerstillistruth.吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理Ethos,Pathos,LogosHowdoyouappealtoanaudience?Ethos,Pathos,LogosWheneveryoureadanargumentyoumustaskyourself,“Isthispersuasive?Andifso,towhom?”Thereareseveralwaystoappealtoanaudience.Ethos,Pathos,LogosTheseappealsareprevalentinalmostallargumentsLogos1AppealtoLogicTheoreticalorabstractlanguageLiteralandhistoricalanalogiesDefinitionsFactualDataandStatisticsQuotationsCitationsfromexpertsandauthoritiesInformedOpinionsEthos2AppealtoMorals/EthicsLanguageappropriatetoaudienceandsubjectRestrained,sincere,fair-mindedpresentationAppropriatelevelofvocabularyCorrectgrammarPathos3AppealtoEmotionsVividandconcretelanguageEmotionallyloadedlanguageEmotionalexamplesNarrativesofemotionaleventsEmotionaltoneFigurativelanguageEffectsofEthos,Pathos,Logos4Logosevokesacognitive,rationaleresponseEthosdemonstratestheauthor’sreliability,competence,andrespectfortheaudience’sideasandvaluesthroughappropriateuseofsupportPathosevokesanemotionalresponseDefinitionLogos5Logos:ThisGreekwordisthebasisfortheEnglishword–LogicLogosreferstoanyattempttoappealtotheintellect(academicarguments)TherewillbelogicalchainsofreasoningsupportingALLclaimsDefinitionEthos6Ethos:RelatedtotheEnglishwordethicsandreferstothetrustworthinessofthespeaker/writerEffectivepersuasivestrategybecausewhenwebelievethatthespeakerdoesnotintendtodousharm,wearemorewillingtolistentowhathe/shehastosayExampleEthos6ExampleofEthos:Whenatrusteddoctorgivesyouadvice,youmaynotunderstandallofthemedicalreasoningbehindtheadvice,butyounonethelessfollowthedirectionsbecauseyoubelievethatthedoctorknowswhathe/sheistalkingaboutDefinitionPathos7Pathos:Relatedtothewordspathetic,sympathy,andempathy.Wheneveryouacceptaclaimbasedonhowitmakesyoufeelwithoutfullyanalyzingtherationalebehindtheclaim,youareactingonpathos.DefinitionPathos7PathosContinuedTheymaybeanyemotions:love,fear,patriotism,guilt,hate,orjoyAmajorityofargumentsinthepopularpressareheavilydependentonpatheticappeals.Appealstopathostouchanerveandcompelpeopletonotonlylisten,butalsotakethenextstepandactintheworld