(完整版)商务合同的翻译练习一参考译文

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1商务合同的翻译练习一参考译文一、商务合同的基本概念、分类与结构1.概念2.分类3.结构二、合同英语的词汇特点及翻译策略1.用词专业,具有法律意味:(1)根据不同的专业来确定词义例1:a.Thepremiumratesvarywithdifferedinterestsinsured.______________b.Ifthebuyerfailstopayanyaccountwhendue,thebuyershallbeliabletopaytheselleroverdueinterestonsuchunpaidamount._________________c.ThearticlesofourimmediateinterestareyourAgriculturalWashingMachines._______析:a.出自保险业,意思“被保险的货物”;b.源于国际贸易,意思是“一方由于未能支付到期的应付款项而向另一方支付的过期利息”;c.属于营销业,应译为“对什么产品、品牌感兴趣”。例2:PartyBshalltrainPartyA’stechnicalpersonnelsoastoenablethemtomasterPartyB’sdesign,moulddesign,performancetestandtechnologyinmachining,erectionandinspectionofthecontractedproduct,sothatPartyAcanusethetechnicaldocumentsandknow-howsuppliedbyPartyBtoproducethesameproductandmouldinPartyA’sfactory.乙方须负责对甲方技术员进行培训,以便甲方受训人员掌握合同产品的设计、模具设计、性能测试、加工工艺、装配工艺和质量检验技术,进而使甲方能利用乙方提供的技术资料和专门知识在甲方的厂内制造出相同的产品和模具。析:此例中,原文的moulddesign,performancetest,technologyinmachining,erection,inspection都可以称得上是术语,不可随便翻译,这些都应选择符合语境的技术术语译文。(2)注意合同本身的术语(合同用语):Rightsandobligations权利和义务Arbitration仲裁Termination终止Forcemajeure不可抗力Jurisdiction管辖Undersigned签署人Indefaultof因没有Bothpartiestothecontract合同双方Breachingparty违约方Observantparty/non-breachingparty守约方Liabilityforbreachofthecontract违约责任Constitute构成2Damages赔偿金在翻译中,要对这些词语在一般文体中和在法律文体中的意义进行区分。例词一般文体法律文体Counterpart极相似的人或物,对手,对方有同等效力的副本Limitation限制时效Prejudice偏见损害Royalty皇室、王权特许权使用费,版税Negligence疏忽过失Assign分配,指派转让(合同)等2.用词正式(1)专门的套语和习语商务合同的英语翻译应注意使用译语中专门的套语和习语,要求地道正式,避免使用口语词汇。如:正式普通中文Ineffectinfact事实上Ceasetodostoptodo停止Priortobefore在…之前Commencementstart,begin开始Miscellaneousothermatters/events其他事项Deemthink认为Byvirtueofbecauseof因为asregards,concerningabout关于pursuantto/inaccordancewithaccordingto根据,按照asfromfrom自…日起asofon于…日asper/inaccordancewithaccordingto按照,根据construeexplain解释revise,rectifycorrect纠正,改正terminateend结束,终止obligation,liabilityduty责任,义务(2)古语词汇Here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which/what例如:Section10hereof:Section10ofthiscontract/agreement本协议/合同第10条Article6thereof:Article6ofthatagreement/contract……协议/合同第6条Partieshereto:partiestothecontract本协议/合同当事人Setmyhandandofficialsealhereunto:setmyhandandofficialsealunto(=to)thedocument,在文件上签章Termsandconditionsprovidedherein:termsandconditionsprovidedinthiscontract,本3协议/合同规定之条款Hereinafter:以下,下文中Hereby:bymeansofthis,byreasonofthis,特此,由此,兹Whereby:bywhich,bytheagreement,bythefollowingtermsandconditions,etc.凭此协议,凭此条款等Theinvestorsherebyformajointventure…投资方特此设立合资公司AllamountsduehereunderarepayableinfulltoPartyBwithoutdeduction.本协议所规定之所有到期款额应向乙方足额交付,不得抵扣。(hereunder:underthiscontract)TheLeasedPremisesaredeemedtobefitforoccupationwhenthebuildingthereinissubstantiallycompleted.当在那里的建筑物实质完成时,该租赁房屋才被认为适合占有居住。(Therein:inthat,inthatparticularcontext,inthatrespect,在那里,在那点上,在那方面)其他:Forandonbehalfof代表Hitherto迄今Aforementioned上述的Aforesaid上述的Forthwith立刻,立即,毫不拖延Inwitnesswhereof特此为证3.用词准确a.情态动词May:表示合同上的权利(right),权限(power)或特权(privilege)的场合中使用。(可)Shall:一般用来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务(obligation)。如未履行,即视为违约,并构成某种赔偿责任。Shall在译文中常表示为“应该,必须”等,也有不译的时候。(应)Maynot(或shallnot):用于禁止性义务,即“不得做什么”。绝不可用cannot或mustnot。Will:一般使用在没有法律强制的情况下,也用做表示承担义务的声明,但语气和强制力比shall弱。Should:在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱的假设,多译成“万一,如果,若”等。例1:Thepartiesheretoshall,firstofall,settleanydisputearisingfromorinconnectionwiththecontractbyfriendlynegotiations.Shouldsuchnegotiationsfail,suchdisputemaybereferredtothePeople’sCourthavingjurisdictiononsuchdisputeforsettlement.双方应首先通过友好协商解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如协商未果,可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。例2:Thequalityandpricesofthecommoditiestobeexchangedbetweentheexporterandtheimporterinthetwocountriesshallbeacceptabletobothsides.货物的质量和价格必须使进出口双方都能接受。4例3:Theformationofthiscontract,itsvalidity,interpretation,executionandsettlementofthedisputesshallbegovernedbyrelatedlawsofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行和争议的解决均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。(shall未译出)例4:TheboardmeetingshallbeconvenedandpresidedbytheChairman.Shouldthechairmanbeabsent,thevice-Chairmanshall,inprinciple,conveneandpresideovertheboardmeeting.董事会会议应由董事长召集、主持;如董事长缺席,原则上应由副董事长召集、主持。b.其他商务合同常常由于选词不当而导致词不达意或者意思模棱两可,甚至误译。如:Theinvoicevalueistobepaidafter(upon)thearrivalofthegoods.After:之后;upon:即Thegoodsper/ex/byS.S“Victory”willarriveatParisonOctober12.析:ex指“运来”,per指“运走”,by指“承运”。Shippingadvice&shippinginstruction装运通知&装船指示ByJune15&beforeJune15:前者包括15日,后者不包括15日。OnorbeforeMay1:不得晚于5月1日(5月1日之前或该日,5月1日之前(含该日))4.词语重复、并列现象(1)同义词、近义词或相关词重复、并列的现象如:PartyAagreestopurchasefromPartyBthefollowingcommodityunderthetermsandconditionssetoutbelow:甲方同意按照下列条款向乙方购买如下商品。ThisagreementismadeandenteredintobyandbetweenPartyAandPartyB.本协议由甲方和乙方签订。Anypartnerorhis/heragent,mayreviewanyandallaccountingorotherrecordsatanytime.任何合伙人或其代理人,可随时审查任一或全部会计帐目或其他记录。Thedecisionbysucharbitrationshallbeacceptedasfinalandbindinguponbothparties.该仲裁裁决应被视为终局裁决,双方均受其约束(对双方均具约束力)。Anyduties,obligationsorliabilities所有责任Applicablelaws,regulations,decrees,directivesandrules适用法律法规5Charges,fees,costsandexpenses各种费用Keepsecretandconfidential保密Nullandvoid无效Packingandwrappingexpenses包装费Rightsandinterests权益Shipsandvessels船只Signandissue签发And/or和/或Onorpriorto当日或当日之前Modificationandalternation修改和变更Obligationandliability义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