地震英语介绍

AboutearthquakeWhydidtheearthquakehappen?•First,theIndianplatesubductiontoAsia,resultinginrapid•upliftoftheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Slowlyeastplateauof•materialflowsontheplateaualongtheeasternedgeofthe•LongmenShanbelteastwardextrusion,rigidblockunderthe•SichuanBasin,encounteredstubbornblocked,resultingina•long-termaccumulationoftectonicstressenergy,culminatingin•LongmenshanBeichuan-Yingshowthesuddenreleaseofthe•region.Whydidtheearthquakehappen?•Second,thethrust,D,squeeze-typefaultearthquake.SeismogenicstructureisthecentralLongmenShanfaultbelt,intheextrusionunderstressfromthesouthwesttonortheastthrustmovement;theearthquakeruptureearthquakesbelongingtoaone-way,fromsouthwesttonortheastmigration,causingaftershocksnorththeEasttotheexpansion;compressionalthrust-faultearthquakesinthemainshock,thestresspropagationandreleaseprocessisrelativelyslow,andmayleadtogreaterintensityofaftershocks,continuingalongtime.Whydidtheearthquakehappen?•Thethirdisshallowearthquakes.Wenchuanearthquakedoesnotbelongtothedeepeffectofplateboundaries,occurredinthecrustbrittle-ductiletransitionzone,focaldepthof10km-20km,soahugedestructive.Earthquakeisfearful••Oneexample2008Sichuanearthquake•The2008Sichuanearthquake[9]ortheGreatSichuanEarthquakewasadeadlyearthquakethatmeasuredat8.0Ms[1][10][11]and7.9Mw[12][13]occurredat14:28:01CST(06:28UTC)[14]onMonday,May12,2008inSichuanprovinceofChina,killinganestimated68,000people.[15]••ItisalsoknownastheWenchuanearthquake(Chinese:汶川大地震;pinyin:Wènchuāndàdìzhèn),afterthelocationoftheearthquake'sepicenter,WenchuanCountyinSichuanprovince.Theepicenterwas80kilometres(50mi)west-northwestofChengdu,thecapitalofSichuan,withafocaldepthof19kilometres(12mi).[2]TheearthquakewasalsofeltinnearbycountriesandasfarawayasbothBeijingandShanghai—1,500kilometres(932mi)and1,700kilometres(1,056mi)away—whereofficebuildingsswayedwiththetremor.[16]2008Sichuanearthquake•Officialfigures(asofJuly21,200812:00CST)statethat69,197areconfirmeddead,including68,636inSichuanprovince,and374,176injured,with18,222listedasmissing.[8]Theearthquakeleftabout4.8millionpeoplehomeless,[17]thoughthenumbercouldbeashighas11million.[18]Approximately15millionpeoplelivedintheaffectedarea.ItwasthedeadliestearthquaketohitChinasincethe1976Tangshanearthquake,whichkilledatleast240,000people,andthestrongestsincethe1950Chayuearthquakeinthecountry,whichregisteredat8.5onRichtermagnitudescale.[19]Itisthe21stdeadliestearthquakeofalltime.2008Sichuanearthquake•Strongaftershocks,someexceedingmagnitude6,continuedtohittheareaevenmonthsafterthemainquake,causingnewcasualtiesanddamage.••OnNovember6,2008,thecentralgovernmentannouncedthatitwillspend1trillionyuan(about$146.5billion)overthenextthreeyearstorebuildareasravagedbytheearthquake.[20](Seealso,Chinaeconomicstimulusprogram.)一片废墟•ThemostimportantpointHowtoPreventEarthquakeDamage•1•Secureyourbelongings.Thelargestfinanciallossyoucanincurduringanearthquakewillbefromfallingobjectsandoverturnedfurniture.Fastenobjectsthatarefragile,costlyorheavytofixedfurnishings.Anchoryourheavyandtallfurnituretothewallorfloortopreventthemfromturningover.HowtoPreventEarthquakeDamage•2•Putlatchesoncabinetdoorsandfilecabinets.Duringanearthquakedoorsanddrawerscancomeopen.Placestronglatchesonyourcabinet'sdoorandfilecabinetstokeepthemfromopeningandspillingtheircontentsonthefloorcausingdamage.HowtoPreventEarthquakeDamage•3•Fastenyourwaterheaterandotherappliances.Secureyourwaterheatertowallstuds.Anchoryourappliancestothewallorfloortopreventthemfromslidingorfallingover.MakesurethatanyapplianceconnectedtoagaspipehaspliabletubingHowtoPreventEarthquakeDamage•4•Storehazardousmaterialsinasturdyplace.Mixingorspillingchemicalscanbedangerous.Makesurethatanyhazardousproductsareintheirpropercontainersandstoredinacabinetsecuredtoawallwithastronglatch.•5•Keepfireextinguishers.Placethemthroughoutyourhomeintheeventyouneedthem.IfafirestartsduringanearthquakehavingafireextinguishernearbywillhelpminimizethedamageHowtoPreventEarthquakeDamage•Protectingyourhome•Secureitemsontablesorcounters.Forunitssuchastelevisionsets,computers,andlamps,usebucklesandsafetystrapsthatcanbeattachedtotabletopsandallowforeasymovementwhenneededHowtoPreventEarthquakeDamage•Secureglass,chinaware,andpotteryusingnondryingputtyormicrocrystallinewax.•Lockkitchencabinetdoorswithchildprooflatchesorhook-and-eyeclosures.HowtoPreventEarthquakeDamage•Anchorrefrigeratortowall.•Useflexiblefasteners,suchasnylonstraps,toanchortopsofheavyfurnituretothestud(notplasterboard)ofawallHowtoPreventEarthquakeDamage•Coverwindowswithshatter-resistantfilm,orreplacewithsafetyglass.•Secureoverheadobjects.Anchorhangingobjects,suchaslightsandfans,withacableboltedtoceilingjoist.Hangframedpicturesfromclosedhooks.HowtoPreventEarthquakeDamageHowtoPreventEarthquakeDamageHowtoPreventEarthquakeDamageHowtoPreventEarthquakeDamage•That'sall