小学英语-PRESENT-PERFECT-vs-PAST-SIMPLE

PRESENTPERFECTvsPASTSIMPLEHello!Haveyoueverreadoneofmystories?FORM•Positive:HAVE/HAS+PASTPARTICIPLE•Negative:HAVENOT/HASNOT+PASTPARTICIPLE•Interrogative:HAVE/HAS+Subject+PASTPARTICIPLE?•Wehaveseenthatfilm/Shehasseenthatfilm•Ihaven’tseenthatfilm/Shehasn’tseenthatfilm•Haveyouseenthatfilm?/Hasheseenthatfilm?WeusethePRESENTPERFECTfor:USESFINISHEDEVENTSCONNECTEDWITHTHEPRESENTEXPLANATIONTheeventoractioniscompletedinthepastBUTtheexacttimeoftheactionisunknownorunimportant.WeareinterestedintheRESULTSorEFFECTSofthateventoractiononusNOW.LookatthetwoThompsons!!Whathashappenedtothem?Twohourslater.Athospital.PASTEVENTSWITHEXPRESSIONSOF“timeuptonow”Here,theeventoractionbeganinthepastBUTcontinuesuptothepresentEXPLANATIONHowlonghaveyouknownSnowy?Letmethink…I’veknownSnowyfor7years.FOR/SINCE(prepositions)•Whenwementionthelengthofaperiodoftime.•Ex:Howlonghaveyoubeenadoctor?For10years.•Whenwementionthestartingpointoftime.•Ex:Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Since1997orSincewewere27.FORSINCEEXPERIENCES•Wetalkaboutthingsorexperienceswehaveorhaven’tdoneatsome/anytimeinourlivesuptonow.•Here,wearethinkingofaperiodof“timeuptonow”evenifwedonotmentionit.EXPLANATIONHaveyoueverbeentoChina?EVER/NEVER•Itindicatesatsome/anytimeinyourliveuptonow.•Itisusedinquestions.•POSITION:Have/has+subject+EVER+pastparticiple.•Itisusedinaffirmativesentences.•POSITION:Have/has+NEVER+pastparticiple.EVERNEVERWeusethePRESENTPERFECTwiththefollowingTIMEADVERBS:JUST•Justindicatesaveryshorttimebeforenow.•Theeventoractionhasjustfinished.Look!!Thecarhasjustbrokendown!!ALREADY/YET•Itindicatesatsometimebeforenow.•Theactionoreventmayhashappenedsoonerthanexpected.•Itisusedinaffirmativesentences.•POSITION:have/has+ALREADY+pastparticiple.•Itindicatesthattheactionoreventexpectedhasn’thappened,notuntilnow.•Itisusedinnegativeandinterrogativesentences.•POSITION:attheendofthesentence.ALREADYYETHello!Haveyoupackedyourthingsyet?Yes,yes…don’tworryTintin.Wehavealreadypackedourthingsup!!WealsousethePRESENTPERFECTwiththefollowingEXPRESSIONS:TIMEEXPRESSIONSthatindicateanunfinishedtimeperiod.•today•thisweek•thismonth•thisyear•thismorning•etcWhereisSnowy?...Ihaveheardenoughbadnewsthismorning!...Snowy!...Snowy!...Oh,hehasgoneout…EarlythismorningStillthismorningOutsideComparethepreviousexamplewiththisone:•Whenthetimeperiodwearereferringisfinished,thenweusethePastSimple.ThismorningIdidn’thearanygoodnewsthismorning!!ThiseveningCONTRASTBETWEENTHEPRESENTPERFECTANDTHEPASTSIMPLE•Weareinterestedinafactthathappenedinthepast.•Weoftenusespecifictimeexpressionssuchasyesterday,twoweeksago,latyear,etc.•Ex:Mikedidn’tgoskiingbecausehebrokehisarmlastweek.•Wearenotinterestedinthetimeoftheactionbutintheresultsofthatactionwhichisconnectedtothepresent.•Ex:Mikecan’tgoskiingbecausehehasbrokenhisarm.PASTSIMPLEPRESENTPERFECT