present-perfect-(现在完成时讲解及练习-英文版)

PresentPerfectTense1.Thepresentperfecttenseusedtotalkaboutthingsthathappenedbeforethetimeyouarespeakingorwritingbutarerelevanttothepresentsituation,orthingsthatbeganinthepastandarestillhappening.2.Structure:Thepresentperfecttenseisformedwithhave/has+done,asin,“Theyhavedecidedwhattodo.3.Signalwords:Whenyouseewordslikefor,since,never,ever,already,just,yetandsofarinasentence,itoftenmeansthatyouneedtousethepresentperfecttense.Forexample,IhavebeentoShanghaiforthreeyears.ShehasgonetoBeijingsincethreeyearsago.JohnhasneverseenHarryPotter.Haveyoueverseenanythinglikeit?Youhavealreadybeenrich.Ihavejustboughtanewhouse.Hasthebusleftyet?Theyhaven’tfinishedyet.(“yet”alwaysusedfornegativesentenceandquestions)Sofar,wehavedonefivetasks.NOTICE:ForandSincewithPresentPerfectTenseWeoftenuseforandsincewithperfecttenses:Weusefortotalkaboutaperiodoftime:fiveminutes,twoweeks,sixyearsWeusesincetotalkaboutapointinpasttime:9o'clock,1stJanuary,MondayLookattheseexamplesentencesusingforandsincewiththePresentPerfecttense:Ihavebeenherefortwentyminutes.Ihavebeenheresince9o'clock.Johnhasn'tcalledforsixmonths.Johnhasn'tcalledsinceFebruary.HehasworkedinNewYorkforalongtime.HehasworkedinNewYorksinceheleftschool.4.BasicSentencePatterns:subjectauxiliaryverbmainverbPositivesentenceIhaveseenET.Youhaveeatenlunch.(-NegativeHe,she,ithasnotbeentoRome.sentenceWehavenotplayedfootball.GeneralquestionHaveyoufinished?Havetheydoneit?SpecialquestionWhathashe/she/iteaten?Whathaveyoudonesofar?5.ContractionwithPresentPerfectWhenweusethePresentPerfectinspeaking,weoftencontractthesubjectandauxiliaryverb.Wealsosometimesdothisininformalwriting.Ihave→I'veYouhave→You'veHehas→He'sShehas→She'sIthas→It'sJohnhas→John'sThecarhas→Thecar'sWehave→We'veTheyhave→They'veYou'vetoldmethatbefore.John'sseenHarryPotter.Innegativesentences,wemaycontracttheauxiliaryverbandnot:Youhaven'tgotachance.Shehasn'theardfromhim.He'sorhe's???Becareful!The'scontractionisusedfortheauxiliaryverbshaveandbe.Forexample,It'seatencanmean:Ithaseaten.(PresentPerfecttense,activevoice)Itiseaten.(PresentSimpletense,passivevoice)Itisusuallyclearfromthecontext.6.HowdoweusethePresentPerfectTenseWeusethePresentPerfecttotalkabout:experiencechangecontinuingsituation1).PresentPerfectforexperienceWeoftenusethePresentPerfecttotalkaboutexperiencefromthepast.Wearenotinterestedinwhenyoudidsomething.Weonlywanttoknowifyoudidit:Ihaveseenanalien.HehaslivedinBangkok.Haveyoubeenthere?Wehavenevereatencaviar.pastpresentfutureTheactionorstatewasinthepast.Inmyhead,Ihaveamemorynow.Connectionwithpast:theeventwasinthepastConnectionwithpresent:inmyhead,now,Ihaveamemoryoftheevent;Iknowsomethingabouttheevent;Ihaveexperienceofit2).PresentPerfectforchangeWealsousethePresentPerfecttotalkaboutachange,ornewinformation:Ihaveboughtacar.pastpresentfutureLastweekIdidn'thaveacar.NowIhaveacar.Johnhasbrokenhisleg.pastpresentfutureYesterdayJohnhadagoodleg.Nowhehasabadleg.Connectionwithpast:thepastistheoppositeofthepresentConnectionwithpresent:thepresentistheoppositeofthepast3).PresentPerfectforcontinuingsituationWeoftenusethePresentPerfecttotalkaboutacontinuingsituation.Thisisastatethatstartedinthepastandcontinuesinthepresent(andwillprobablycontinueintothefuture).Thisisasituation(notanaction).Weusuallyusefororsincewiththisstructure.IhaveworkedheresinceJune.Hehasbeenillfor2days.HowlonghaveyouknownTara(for)?pastpresentfutureThesituationstartedinthepast.Itcontinuesuptonow.(Itwillprobablycontinueintothefuture.)Connectionwithpast:thesituationstartedinthepast.Connectionwithpresent:thesituationcontinuesinthepresent.Exercise:I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.14.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.15.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?II.Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.Negativesentence:I__________________beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(askfortheunderlinedinformation)Specialquestion:_____________hecometoschool?3.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(Rewritethesentencewith“just”)I____just____anewbike.4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(rewritethesentenceinpresentperfecttense)We________English____threeyears.5.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(askfortheunderlinedinformation)Specialquestion:______________havetheybeenhere?6.Theoldman_________lastyear.Hehas______________forayear.(fillintheblankswiththeproperformof“die”)7.MissGaoleftanhourago.(rewritethesentenceinpresentperfectt