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高中短文改错解题技巧【考纲解读】新课标全国卷考试大纲说明明确指出：语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准的一项重要内容。高考短文改错主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性，考查考生的词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等。•分析近三年的高考试题，可以看出短文改错试题具有如下特点：•1．选材特点•短文改错的文体多为第一人称记叙文，也有少数文章为议论文。短文一般在10行左右，每行8～12词，共计120词左右。短文改错的语言材料通常取材于考生自己的作文或类似于考生的随笔，且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平，即明白易懂，基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语句结构。2．设置特点•试题的设置特点主要是指考点的分布状况。短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有错词、多词、缺词和纠错等四种可能。错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一致、代词、词形(指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式)、冠词等方面；缺词现象主要出现在冠词(名词前)、短文改错的基本常识：1.必须熟悉设错方式：多一词，缺一词，错一词2.解题要规范：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错，不能随便在原文里勾勾画画，涂涂改改，更不能自己创设符号。3.要记住“四不改”和“五原则”四不改：1.单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改.3.词序不改.4.标点符号不改.四原则：1.忠实于原文的原则。2.以改动相关单词为原则。3.虚词(如冠词，介词等)以添加或删除为原则。4.实词以改变形式为原则。解题三步骤：1.通读全文，掌握大意.2.逐行找错,先易后难.3.检查核对，攻克难点.从语法角度审查错误：•1.查看时态是否一致•2.查看主谓是否一致•3.查看指代是否一致•4.查看平行结构是否一致•5.查看名词的单复数与修饰语或上下文是否一致•6.查看行文逻辑是否一致.短文改错口诀：动词形,名词数.还要注意形和副.代词格,细领悟.介词短语须关注.习惯用法要记住.冠词连词常光顾.一、动词形1.动词的时态和语态错误.2.主、谓不一致的错误。1)InGradeEightItookphysics.InonetestIgetonly36…2)Havingfunwiththeirfriendsmakethemhappy.gotmakes二、名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。1)Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.2)Wehavemadeagreatprogress.3)Ifyouhaveinterestsinit,replytomesoonlessons＼interest三、还要注意形和副１)修饰名词、be动词、系动词要用形容词２)修饰动词、形容词、整个句子用副词３)比较级和最高级的使用1)Wewentalonganextremenarrowroad,...2)It’sclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrommine.3)Thetwomenthrewalltheirequipmentintothewatertomaketheballoonlight.extremelyclearlighter四、代词格，细领悟1.人称代词,物主代词的使用．2.反身代词oneself的使用．3.人称代词的主格和宾格．4.不定代词的使用．5.both,all,either,neither,none的使用.1)Ibelieveyoupersonalexperiencewillbealotbetter.2)Yourcountryisquitedifferentfromme.3)Ifailedthenexttest,either…yourminetoo五、介词短语须关注，习惯用法要记住．主要考查固定短语，固定介词的搭配。1)Wecangetalongtoeachotherhappily…2)Asresult,thehurtinmyfootbecameworse…3)I’mlookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.4)Iwassometimesverytiredtodomyhomework.∧ahearingtoowith１冠词a,an和the的用法错误．２连词but，and，or,so和although等的用法错误．：1)Whatagoodnewswe’veheard.2)Wewillhaveplentyofsparetimetovisittheareaandhaveafun.3)Youcan’tconsiderhimahonestman.4)SinceyouhavevisitedGreeceseveraltimes,soIwouldliketoknow…六、冠词连词常光顾an短文改错口诀：动词形,名词数.还要注意形和副.代词格,细领悟.介词短语须关注.习惯用法要记住.冠词连词常光顾.•短文改错小结：短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前：“错”“多”“少”。动词时态和语态，主谓搭配莫错了。连，代，形，副错一样，多是故意来混淆。介词多半考搭配，多，漏，误用想周到。句法涉及到一致，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。Homework：（练习一）Ihavebeenplanningtojoininourcollegebasketballteamnextyear,sonowIamspendingasmoretimeasIcanwithotherpeoplewholikestoplay.Theyareteachingmethemostimportantrulesandtechniquesofthegame,andIamgettingthebetterallthetime.Wehaveaneighborhoodteamthatplayagainstanotherteamsinthearea.Oneofmyneighborishelpingtherestofusimprovedourskills.Tonightweareplayingagainstoneofthebestteamsincity,andIthinkwecanbeatthemifwewon'tmakeanymistakes.\muchlike\playsotherneighborsimprove^thedon’t练习二：TodayisSunday,Ihavebeenstudyingalldaylong.Onthemorning,Ihadadrybreakfast.Wehavenowatertodrinkbecausethewatersupplyhadcutoff.Thewatercomebackintheevening.Ididmaththen.Ididn'tstopafter12o'clock.AfterashortlunchIhadthebreak.ThenIwenttomySundayEnglishClass.Afteralongandtiredclassformorethantwohours,Igottohome.Someworkhadbeendonebutsomehadn't.ImustreviewallmysubjectsuchastheSciences,theHumanities,whichincludeChinese,English,PoliticsandHistoryaswell.That'sterribly!Especiallywhentherewasnowater.Inhad^beenuntilatiring\camesubjectsterrible•DearJinJing,Yourproblemiscommononeamongmiddleschoolstudents.Maybethefollowingadvicescanhelpyou.Firstinall,believeinyourself.Yourgreatestproblemisthatyoulackself-confidence.Thefirstthingyoumustdoistosmileatyourclassmates.Onesmilespeaksloudaboutyourwishtomakefriendsthananyword.Yoursmilewillshowthatyouarefriendlytohim.Next,tryingtalkingwithastudentwhoisasshyasyouorwhosharethesameinterestasyou.Youcandiscussyourstudieswithaclassmate,andyoucanalsotalkaboutyourhobbiesaswell.Unlessanyoneisintrouble,youshouldbereadytohelphimorher.Onceyouhaveconfidence,youcanmakeasmanyasfriendsaspossibly.Yours,LilyHomework：（练习一）Ihavebeenplanningtojoininourcollegebasketballteamnextyear,sonowIamspendingasmoretimeasIcanwithotherpeoplewholikestoplay.Theyareteachingmethemostimportantrulesandtechniquesofthegame,andIamgettingthebetterallthetime.Wehaveaneighborhoodteamthatplayagainstanotherteamsinthearea.Oneofmyneighborishelpingtherestofusimprovedourskills.Tonightweareplayingagainstoneofthebestteamsincity,andIthinkwecanbeatthemifwewon'tmakeanymistakes./bestotherneighbour∨ouraren’tplayingplayThankyou!