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124.14.1.1——ViVBEiBVOVCEiCiET——UBEICICUEIB——1.P91——34.1(P91-92)4.1.11.2.xixoxfxid:():A=xo/xidofxxF=iofxxA=:44.14.1.2(P92-95)1(P92)Re1:Re254.14.1.22(P93)1xidxid62.——BEVbe=Vi'LubeRAβr=−Vbe=Vi-Vf'LubeeβRAr(1β)R=−++74.14.1.222+-beiibeeuuuuuu=−=−ui++.Re1Re284.1.23.(a)(b)xixidxfAFxixidxfAFuoRLuoRLio4.1.1(P94)94.1.1(P94)ab“”104.1.24.:a:b4.1.2(P94-95)114.1.344124.1.34P95-98AF+_iuidu++__fuRLoiA+_Fou+_iuidu++__fuRLA+_Fou+_iuR1iiidifiRLAF+_iuR1iiidifiRLoiuid=ui-uFiid=ii-iF134.1.34vid=vi-vF1.————Rl↓vo↓vf↓vid(vbe)↑vo↑144.1.341.ouiduAu=fuouFu=ofiuAu=152.oogidbe==iiAuufffrocc===−−uuuFiiiogfi=iAu163.ifid=ii-if+UCCRCC2C1RfuiuoibifiiRSusuo=0if++__+_iofbcuuiii↑⇒↑⇒↓⇒↓ou↓173.orid=uAifgo=iFuorfi=uAi+UCCRCC2C1RfuiuoibifiiRSus18oiid=iAi——io↓if↓id↑io↑(id=ii-if)fio=iFioifi=iAi194.1.2(P94-95)204.1.2(P94-95)Rf1Rf2214.1.2(P94-95)T3Re1221.AidX&oX.FfX&oidXAX=&&&A+–∑foXFX=&&&Af=Xo/XiAfFXfXi4.1.4idifXXX=−&&&iX&FA&&fidXAFX=&&&&232.oidXAX=&&&foXFX=&&&idifXXX=−&&&ofiXAX=&&&oidXAX=&&&ifioA(XX)A(XFX)=−=−&&&&&&&ioioAXXXX1AF∴=+&&&&&&&fAA1AF=+&&&&FA&&iidiidXXXX1AF=+&&&&&&fidXAFX=&&&&4P1004.1.1243..1)1(fAA.FA+1..1)3(fAAFA+1..0)4(=fAFA+1...iidXX1AF=+&&&&fAA1AF=+&&&&1)2(FA+1..fAA&&fA1AFA+=&&&&fAA1AF1AFAF=≈≈+&&&&&&&&1AF+&&“”254.2.1(P101),:f1AAAF=+ff22d11ddd(1)(1)AAAAAFAF=⇒=++ffd1d1AAAAFA=⋅+(1+AF)264.2.21.(P102)idiiUrI=&&idfididiifiiiidi(1)UUUAFUUrIIIUAFI++====+&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ifi(1)rAFr=+&&(1)1AF+&&27(2)iiiifiidfididiid1(1)UUUrIIIIAFIUAFI===++=⋅+&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ifi1(1)rrAF=+&&11AF+&&282.(P103)(1)toftUrI=&&1tidtttooUAXAFIIUrr−+′≈===&&&&&&&&1oofrrAF=+&&It11AF+&&292.(P103)(2)Vo’ttidtootUUIAXAFIrr=+=−&&&&&&&&(1)tofotUrAFrI==+&&&&1AF+&&301.2.1.1.2.314.2.3(P105)∆f=fHfL≈fH∆fF=(1+AF)fH4.2.4(P106)324.3.111AF+&&f1AF≈&&ofiXAX=&&&foXFX=&&&ifXX≈&&ifUU≈&&“”ifII≈&&“”330fiid≈−=XXX&&&0fiid≈−=UUU&&&0iidid≈=rUI&&fiUU&&≈0fiid≈−=III&&&0iidid≈=rIU&&fiII&&≈341bR1eR1cRfR1Ciu+(-)(+)(-)(+)2cR1eR1R3C2C+ouCCU+4.3.24.3.112(P108-109)12e1fuuoe1fRUFURR==+&&&+fU•1eRfRoU•oofufifuue111UURAUUFR=≈==+&&&&&&354.3.2+iu(+)12bR22bR32bRCCU+21bR11bR31bR1eR2eR3eR(+)(-)1cR2cR3cR1T2T3T(+)++fufRLR+ou(+)(+)3ei3cioufi=&&&UAU4.3.2(P109-110)+fU•fR1eR3eRfI•3eI•3eI•fI•364.3.2124.3.3(P110-101)iff≈=−&&&oUIIRfi=&&&oIFUiffi1≈=−&ARFofffusfssis−=≈≈−&&&&&URIRAURIR+1cR2cR3cR3eR2eRLRfRSRSU&iU•iI•1bI•1T2T3ToU•fI•if≈&&IIfRo&U374.3.2124.3.412fA&usfA&1cR2cRe2ife2e2f≈=+&&&RIIIRRe2ffioe2e2f===+&&&&&RIIFIIRRfifie211≈=+&RAFRoc2c2Lusfssioc2Lc2Lfise2s(//)////(1)=≈≈⋅=+&&&&&&&UIRRAURIIRRRRRIRRR2eRii1bi(+)()++1uSuSRfi1CfC1eR2C3CfRfi2ei2cicc+U(+LR+ou)T12Tif≈&&IIfR2eR2eo&I384.4.110(1)AFAF+==−&&&&ofi1XAAXAF==→∞+&&&&&&i0X→&oX&RC1AF=&&AF(21)180onϕϕ+=+×1AF=−&&391||=FA&&ϕAF=ϕA+ϕF=(2n+1)πn=0,1,2,3…ϕAF180°ϕAFϕAF180°360°ϕF=0°ϕAF=ϕA+ϕF=ϕA404.4.2P1131||=FA&&ϕAF=|ϕA+ϕF|=180o1.:fc(1)AFφφ180°+=fc:AF1,;AF1,(2)AF=1AFφφ180°+≥fofoAFφφ180°+(3)fcfo,fcfo,414.4.2P1131||=FA&&ϕAF=|ϕA+ϕF|=180o2.:P137(1):cmffG20lgAF10dB==−&&omAFff180φφ45Φ°°==−+(2):4.4.3P115:424.4.3P115RCTheEnd