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年产40万吨合成氨脱碳工段的设计刘浪浪（陕理工化学学院化工专业061班级，陕西汉中723000）指导老师：李志洲[摘要]脱碳工段是合成氨工程中必不可少的工段之一，二氧化碳吸收塔和溶液再生塔是脱碳过程中不可缺少的塔设备。合成氨厂无论使用何种原料制成原料气，经变换后，都含有大量的二氧化碳。这些二氧化碳如果不在合成氨工序前及时除净，氨的合成就无法进行下去；另一方面，二氧化碳本身是制取尿素、碳酸氢铵等产品的原料，也可加工成干冰、食品级二氧化碳。二氧化碳吸收塔的设计具有回收二氧化碳的功能。本文权衡众多合成氨脱碳方法之利弊，最终选择碳酸丙烯酯脱碳法。首先进行工艺流程分析并根据工艺参数及有关标准进行二氧化碳吸收塔和解析塔内的物、热量衡算；其次就二氧化碳吸收塔、溶液再生塔等设备利用物理吸收机理、传质传热方程、溶液物性数据等方面的知识进行塔体的总体结构设计和计算；然后对二氧化碳吸收和解析塔进行了必要的强度校核；最后对脱碳工段车间结构布置进行合理的设计。本设计作为理论上的准备工作，为分析工艺流程、设备设计上存在的问题、确定问题的根源、提出解决问题的合理方案准备了充分的理论依据。[关键词]碳酸丙烯酯法；脱碳工艺；工程设计TheDesignoftheDecarbonizationSectionintheProductionofthe40thousandtonsSyntheticAmmoniaperyearLiuLang-lang(Grade06,Class1,Majorchemicalengineeringandtechnology,chemistryDept.,ShaanxiUniversityofTechnology,Hanzhong723001,Shaanxi)Tutor:LiZhi-zhouAbstract:DecarbonizingsectionisoneoftheabsolutelynecessarysectionsintheSyntheticAmmonia,andtheCarbondioxideabsorptiontowerandthesolutionregenerationtowerareindispensabletowerequipmentintheSyntheticAmmonia.Whethertheammoniaplantusewhatrawmaterialstomakefeedgas,itcontainslargeamountCarbondioxideaftertransformation.TheammoniacannotbesynthesizediftheseCarbondioxidearenotremovableintime.theotherhand,theCarbondioxideistherawmaterialoftheureaandammoniumbicarbonateetc,itcanbeprocessedcarbondioxideice,foodgradeCarbondioxide.DesigningCarbondioxideabsorptiontowerisfunctiontorecoveryCarbondioxide.Thispapertradeoffadvantagesanddisadvantagesofmuchapproachtodecarbonization,propylenecarbonate(PC)decarboniza-tionisselectedfinally.Thetechnologicalprocesswasanalyzed,andthematerialandheatwasbalancedaccordingtoparametersandrelevantstandardsfirstly.ThetowerbodygeneralstructurewasdesignedcalculationbyusingphysicalabsorptionMechanism,masstransferandheattransferequation,solution-physicaldatastcsecondly.AndthenthestrengthoftheCarbondioxideabsorptiontowerandthesolutionregenerationtowerarechecked.Thedecarbonizingsectionstructuralarrangementwasreasonabledesignfinally.Asthetheoreticalpreparationwork,thisdesigningpreparesufficienttheoreticalbasisforpeopletoanalysistheproblemsoftechnologicalprocess,equipmentdesign,determinedrootofproblems,posingreasonableplantosolveproblems.Keywords:Decarbonizationprocess;CarbondioxideremovalwithPCmethod;Proeessdesign陕西理工学院毕业设计第I页目录第一章绪论....................................................................................11.1合成氨工业概况............................................................................11.1.1我国合成氨工业发展概况...................................................11.1.2发展趋势...............................................................................11.1.3合成氨生产工艺简述...........................................................21.1.4合成氨工业中脱碳单元的作用...........................................21.1.5脱碳方法概述.......................................................................21.2净化工序中脱碳方法....................................................................21.2.1化学吸收法...........................................................................21.2.2物理吸收法...........................................................................31.2.3物理化学吸收法...................................................................51.2.4固体吸附...............................................................................51.3碳酸丙烯酯（PC）法法脱碳工艺基本原理...............................51.3.1PC法脱碳技术国内外现状..................................................51.3.2发展过程...............................................................................51.3.3技术经济...............................................................................51.3.4工艺流程...............................................................................51.3.5存在的问题及解决的办法...................................................61.3.6PC法脱碳技术发展趋势.....................................................61.4工艺设计的意义和目的................................................................7第二章物、热量恒算......................................................................82.1计算依据CO2的PC中的溶解度关系........................................82.2PC的密度与温度的关系..............................................................82.3PC的蒸汽压..................................................................................92.4PC的黏度......................................................................................92.5物料衡算........................................................................................92.5.1各组分在PC中的溶解量....................................................92.5.2溶剂夹带量..........................................................................92.5.3溶液带出的气量..................................................................92.5.4出脱碳塔净化气量...............................................................92.5.5计算PC循环量..................................................................102.5.6入塔液中CO2夹带量........................................................102.5.7带出气体的质量流量.........................................................102.5.8验算吸收液中净化气中CO2的含量................................102.5.9出塔气的组成.....................................................................102.6热量衡算...............................