高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

阅读理解能力提高技巧（一）秦琦辉Improvingyourreadingability（1）Qinqihui猜测词义词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......Lead-in(导入)1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。(adj.易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.(n.牧羊人)●信号词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,-----(破折号)等.Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.蚊子沙漠Ex.1◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.◎Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.木匠动物学家脊椎动物青春期“Gettingthecoldshoulder”meansthatsomeoneisactuallyinawaythatmakesyoufeelunwanted.Theverywordscreateapicture:Youcanimagineafriendturningawaysothat,insteadofawarmgreeting,youreceiveonlyhisshoulder–a“cold”shoulder.Theexpression“gettingthecoldshoulder”means____.A.beingtreatedrudelybypayingnoattentiontoyouB.greetingyoufriendlyC.greetingyoubyrubbingshoulderswithyouD.feedingyoucoldmeat2.Contrast对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等。ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.污秽的节约的Ex.2◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.◎Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.混乱无辜的天生的Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA(v.不同意)3.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.巨大的;极大的)当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,as…as,thesameas等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.推迟圆胖的,SomeofUSlookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard，rockingthesheetstothefightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns.Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought.(2009广东高考)47.Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph3mostprobablymeans_____________.A.formedanideaforB.madeanoutlineforC.madesomespaceforD.chosesomecolorsfor上下句是Some…Others…句式，whileweconjuredupourdesigns的对应部分是whiledeepinthought，可见conjuredup的意思是“思考，想象”答案为A，4.CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.(adj.贫穷的,穷困的)(adj.大的)因果关系信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.弹性的混浊的Signalwords:because,so,such…that,so…that,ect.Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.(04广东高考题）65.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”(inpara.3)meansthatthecolours_______A.AttractedthecustomersstronglyB.HadweakeffectsonthecustomersC.TrickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.CausedthecustomerstoloseinterestD5.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有forinstance,forexample,suchas:such,like,especially,include,consistof等Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.电器用具)Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽装置6.WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建)Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)Eg.I’mgoingtobuyamicrobus.micro+bus微型公共汽车Thispossibilitywasunforeseeable，becauseitalmostneverhappened.un+foresee+able不可预见的TodaythesportispopularinLatinAmerica,Asiaand,unfortunately,insomepartsoftheUnitedStates--eventhoughitisunlawfulinalmosteverystate.Whatdoestheword“unlawful”possiblymean?A.allowedbythelawB.inaccordancewiththelawC.againstthelawD.