《钢结构基本原理》主编:董军副主编:唐伯鉴主审:曹平周习题答案-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P90习题3.1解:Q采用三级对接焊接质量标准和I50b型钢,I字型钢翼缘的对接焊缝的抗拉强度设计值175wtfMPa,腹板对接焊缝的抗剪强度设计值125wvfMPa,翼缘和腹板交界处对接焊缝的抗拉强度设计值185wtfMPa。假定焊接时采用引弧板,故对接焊缝的计算长度就是原长度。查表可知,31146xScm,448600xIcm,31940xWcm剪力:130VkN;弯矩:1302260MkNm。翼缘最上边至中性轴的距离12250yymm。最大正应力:6326010134175194010wttxMMPafMPaW,满足要求。最大剪应力:3341301011461021.9125486001014wxvxwVSMPafMPaIt,满足要求。上翼缘和腹板交界点处的正应力和剪应力分别为:正应力:614126010123486001025020xMMPaW面积矩:3146221676822xScm剪应力:33114130107681014.67486001014xxwVSMPaIt该点处的折算应力:2222113123314.671251.11.1185203.5wtMPafMPa满足要求。由以上可知,此连接安全。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P90习题3.2解:采用侧面角焊缝连接。根据两块盖板的截面面积之和应大于或等于钢板截面面积,取盖板的宽度为350mm,则盖板厚:42020123502tmm,故取12tmm,则每块盖板的截面尺寸为:35012mmmm。角焊缝的焊脚尺寸fh:max121~211~10fhmmmm所以,取10fhmm。查表得200wffMPa。连接一侧所需的焊缝总计算长度为:Q上下两盖板共有4条侧面角焊缝,每条焊缝长度为:考虑起落弧影响,每条焊接的实际长度为:12357210377wfllhmm,取为380mm。两块被拼接钢板间留出10mm间隙,所需拼接盖板长度:检查盖板宽度是否符合构造要求:盖板厚度1220mmmm,宽度b=350mm,且350420bmmlmm,满足要求。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P90习题3.3解:(1)采用侧面角焊缝连接。查表得160wffMPa。确定焊脚尺寸:minmax1.51.5104.7fhtmm肢背焊脚尺寸:maxmin1.21.289.6fhtmm肢尖焊脚尺寸:max81~27~6fhmmmm肢尖和肢背采用6fhmm。等肢角钢:10.7K,20.3K肢背、肢尖焊缝受力分别为:110.7320224NKNkN,220.332096NKNkN肢背、肢尖所需焊缝计算长度为:考虑minmax8,40max86,4048wflhmm,max60606360wflhmm肢背、肢尖的实际焊缝长度为:11216726179wfllhmm,取180mm。222712683wfllhmm,取90mm。(2)采用三面围焊同上,肢背、肢尖焊脚尺寸依然取6fhmm,取36fhmm。求正面焊缝承载力:330.76901.22160147.6wewffNhlfkN此时,肢背、肢尖焊缝受力:311147.6224150.222NNKNkN,322147.69622.222NNKNkN则肢背、肢尖所需焊缝长度为:肢背、肢尖的实际焊缝长度为:11111.86117.8wfllhmm,取120mm。2216.5622.5wfllhmm,考虑minmax8,40max86,4048wflhmm,取50mm。(3)采用L形焊缝此时不先选定正面角焊缝焊脚尺寸,先令20N,即:32202NNKN得:322296192NKNkN由33wewffNhlf,得:333331192108.60.70.70.72901.22160efwwfffhNhmmlfh,取9mm。肢背承载力:13320192128NNNkN肢背焊脚尺寸取19fhmm,则焊缝长度:3111281063.5220.79160wwefNlmmhf实际长度:11163.5972.5wfllhmm,取75mm。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P90习题3.4解:该构件受到轴心力和弯矩共同作用。偏心荷载使焊缝承受剪力:250VkN,弯矩2500.250MVekNm假定剪力仅由牛腿腹板焊缝承受,假设焊脚尺寸为:10fhmm,minmax1.51.5206.7fhtmm,maxmin1.21.21518fhtmmminmaxfffhhh,满足要求。则0.77efhhmm竖向角焊缝有效截面面积:2220.73042wewAhlcm对水平角焊缝取面积矩,求焊缝有效截面的形心位置(距离翼缘和腹板交界线处):翼缘焊缝最外边缘的截面模量:3116590.2519.7312.68xwIWcmy翼缘和腹板连接处的截面模量:3226590.2660.349.98xwIWcmy腹板焊缝最底边缘的截面模量:3336590.2329.1820.02xwIWcmy6131501096.21.22160195.2519.7310wffwMMPafMPaW,满足要求63335010151.891.22160195.2329.1810wffwMMPafMPaW,满足要求2222275.7259.585.91601.22wfffMPafMPa,满足要求由以上可知,该角焊缝满足要求。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P90第3.6题解:由附表5查得:2140/bvfNmm,2305/bcfNmm(1)螺栓强度验算一个螺栓的抗剪承载力设计值为:2233.1424214010126.644bbvvvdNnfkN一个螺栓的承压承载力设计值为:3242030510146.4bbccNdtfkN一个螺栓的抗剪承载力控制值为:min,min126.6,146.4126.6bbvvcNNNkNkNkN而又0115382.5260dmmlmm,故螺栓的承载力不折减。每侧有12个螺栓,一个螺栓所受的剪力为:1350112.5min,126.612bbvvcNNkNNNkNn,满足要求。(2)构件净截面强度验算1-1截面:211040232.55264.7nAAndtcm折线2-2截面:2224212202222122448852.5581nAteneendcm净截面强度:3212min12135010208.6min,64.710nnNNNmmAAA,与强度设计值2205/fNmm相接近,可认为强度满足要求。折线3-3截面:22341210222235224883852.5561.13nAteeeedcm净截面强度:3322223221350101350101218420561.1310nNNnNmmfNmmA,满足要求。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P91第3.7题解:牛腿腹板厚14mm,角钢厚20mm。(1)验算角钢与牛腿连接处的螺栓强度,此处的螺栓受剪扭作用。一个螺栓的抗剪承载力设计值为:2233.1424214010126.644bbvvvdNnfkN一个螺栓的承压承载力设计值为:3241438510129.4bbccNdtfkN在扭矩作用下:22222515500ycmmax2212014515052.250010TxTyNkNy,120304yFNkNn因此,222252.23060.2min,126.6TbbxyvcNNkNNNkN,满足要求。(2)验算角钢与柱翼缘连接处的螺栓强度,此处的螺栓受剪弯作用。一个螺栓的抗拉承载力设计值为:3352.51701060bbtetNAfkN120VFkN,31202001024MFekNm在弯矩作用下,受力最大的为螺栓群最上端的两个螺栓,中和轴位于最下一排螺栓处