第6章-热带大气动力学

111f5110fs−−=ββ2()fyaββΩ==23456134233ITCZ:Inter-TropicalConvergenceZones103004)(1).Rossby(2).Rossby(mixedRossby-gravitywaves)(3).(4).5MTCMid-TroposphericCyclones26MCC:α7TUTT,TropicalUpper-TroposphericTrough26.115101000101010UfsRfL−−−=→==,2322010()hfULmsφ−∆==,:222210()hUmsφ−∆==3:0111()1010aaOPsPsω−−−=⋅⋅4:5161()1010ODss−−−−=()()ODOζ=β-f≈f+βyf≈βyf=βyR01FrRiR0≥1FrRiR0≥111iOWURRDL−−=1iWURDL−=ψφ2,,Vkfψψψςψ=×∇=Φ=∇JGG2()fVVψψψ∇⋅+⋅∇=∇ΦJGJG()()0VffVtς∂+⋅∇++∇⋅=∂JGJG()()0Vftς∂+⋅∇+=∂JG0Vς∇⋅=JG331Rossby10/452/45141543RossbyYnayiMatsuno23/4510000Lkm=vup430000Lkm=25/1218v=0upuKelvinKelvin5βu=0.y50uhgtxhyugyhuHtxβ⎧∂∂=−⎪∂∂⎪∂⎪=−⎨∂⎪⎪∂∂+=⎪∂∂⎩^^()sin()()sin()uuykxcthhykxct=−=−0kcugkhhyugykchHkuβ−=−∂=−∂−+=Kelvin6.16.2hhdhyhydycβ∂==−∂20exp()2yhhcβ=−2cgH=y→∞0h→cgH=20[exp()]sin()yhhkxctcβ=−−21/20()[exp()]sin()gyuhkxctHcβ=−−641ITCZMTC23CISKConditionalInstabilityoftheSecondKind127α8Flash:96.91)106.106.11r2rvdvfvdtrrθθφ∂−−=−∂6.132vfvrrθθφ∂+=∂6.1411(θ)0rrdvvvfvdtrθθ−+=6.15r×rdrvdt=0dMdt=6.16M2fMrvrθ⎛⎞=+=⎜⎟⎝⎠6.17rvθ∴↓→↑0,rvθ→→∞0r≠minrr→csch2Uθ°6.122p∂∂6.14RTpPφ∂=−∂2vvRTfrpPrθθ∂∂⎛⎞+=−⎜⎟∂∂⎝⎠(6.18)0vpθ∂∂0Tr∂∴∂()123(r)φφ=rφrφ