时间取样观察法的优缺点及其适用性问题

张秀春(,116029):,,;,,,:观察法;时间取样;优缺点;适用性:B844:A:10001751(2004)02005203AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTimeSamplingandItsApplicabilityZHANGXiuchun(SchoolofEducationalScience,LiaoningNormalUniversity,Dalian116029,China)Abstract:Studiesofsocialbehavioroftenemployobservationalsamplingcalledtimesampling.Thismethodisusedtoestimatethefrequenciesofbehaviorandthedurationoftimeabehaviortakesandmeasuregrouporindividualdifferences.However,manystudieshavedemonstratedlimitationswithtimesampling,suchas,itisinaccurateforestimatingactualdurationorfrequenciesofbehavior,andtimesamplingisinaccurateforestimatinggroupand/orindividualdifferencesandsoon.Moreover,itisalsonotappropriatetousetimesamplinginsomecases.Therefore,wesuggestthatifthedurationisveryshort,researcherscanuseobservationalsamplingwhichisamorevalidmethod,suchasaffairandsequencesampling.Keywords:observationalmethod;timesampling;advantagesanddisadvantages;applicability,,,,19801990,339114,34%[1],;,,,[2],,[3],,,,,,,52:20030320:(1974-),,,,第27卷第2期2004年3月辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)JournalofLiaoningNormalUniversity(SocialScienceEdition)Vol.27No.2Mar.2004,[1]20,,,,,,,,,[1],,,,,,,,[4],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1.,,(),,[1],,1,1,:,?2.,,,3.,,,,,4.,,,,;,,(Adam,1986)[5](P321334),(60),(JanetMann,1991)5.(JanetMann,ThomasTenHave,1991)(5),,,,()6.JanetMann,,,,,,,5,,,7.,53张秀春:时间取样观察法的优缺点及其适用性问题,,(JanetMann,1991)1.,2.,,15,,,,,3.,,,,4.()(),,()()[1],5.,,,,10[1]6.,,,,15(),()[6]7.,,,,,60,,(),,,(predominantactivitysampling,PAS;Hutt&Hutt,1970)[7],(Tyler,S.1979)[7],,,,,,,,,,:[1]JanetMann,ThomasTenHave,JamesW.Plunkett,andSamuelJ.Meisels:TimeSampling:AMethodologicalCritique[J].ChildDevelopment,1991(62):227241.[2]L.K.Goodenough.[J].,.,1990(2):95.[3].[Z].:,2001.[4]L.K.Goodenough.[J].,.,1992(2):3236.[5]Adams,R.M.,&Costello,P.S.Correlationsdonotjustifytheuseofonezerosampling[M].WestGermany:PaperpresentedattheInternationalPrimatolgicalSociety,Gottingen,1986.[6]Konner,M.,&Worthman,C.Nursingfrequency,gonadalfunction,andbirthspacingamong!Kunghuntergatherers[J].Science,1980(207):788791.[7]Hutt,S.J.,&Hutt,C.Directobservationandmeasurementofbehavior[J].Springfield,IL:CharlesCThomas,1970(36):487501.:54张秀春:时间取样观察法的优缺点及其适用性问题