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定语从句讲解（包含各种特殊情况对比，题目都是易错题）1）定语从句的基本概念：定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，起形容词作用，也称为形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟先行词。定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分，并在含义上替代先行词。Themanismycousin.Hecametoseemethismorning.替换：Themanwhocametoseemethismorningismycousin.先行词关系代词在定语中做主语，不可省略↖定语从句2）关系词:①关系代词（指人/指物/表所有格）;A.指人的关系代词：who,做主语或宾语；whom，只做宾语；that,做主语或宾语（但指代人称并充当从句主语时，通常用who）Heisastudent.Weshouldlearnfromhim.替换：Heisastudent(who,whom,that)weshouldlearnfrom.关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。B.指物的关系代词：which,做主语或宾语；that,做主要或宾语；Hesentmeapresentlastnight.Thepresentisamicewatch.替换：Thepresent(which,that)hesentmelastnightisanicewatch.关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。C.表所有格的关系代替：指某人的或某物的：whose,做先行词的所有格Isthereanyone?HernameisLinda.替换：IsthereanyonewhosenameisLinda?②关系副词（时间/地点/原因）。A.where指地点，充当地点状语Thisistheplace.Wespentourchildhoodinthatplace.替换：Thisistheplace(which/that)wespendourchildhoodin.Thisistheplaceinwhichwespentourchildhood.Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.B.when指时间，充当时间状语He’llalwaysremembertheday.Hisgrandmapassedawayonthatday.替换：He’llalwaysremembertheday（which/that）hisgrandmapassedawayon.He’llalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhisgrandmapassedaway.He’llalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisgrandmapassedaway.C.why指原因，充当原因状语Thisisthereason.Theywerelateforthemeetingbecauseofthereason.替换:Thisisthereasonwhytheywerelateforthemeeting.③准关系代词assuch……as引导定语从句……,so/such……that……如此……以致于……引导结果状语从句thesame……as(相似物)/that（同一物）……ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.(相似物)ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.（同一物）as……as…….Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.（as在定语从句中做主语）I’veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.（as在定语从句中做表语）Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.（as在定语从句中做宾语）Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.（as在定语从句中做状语）Heisasdiligentamanaseverlived.（as在定语从句中做主语）先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时，关系代词可用which或as,但which不能放句首，as可放在句首，句中，句末，有“正如”的意思Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.（as在定语从句中做主语）Hecamelateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.3)限定性与非限定性定语从句A）限制性定语从句:是用来限制所修饰对象的意义，不能被拿掉，如果拿掉，余下的部分的意义就会不清楚；Themanwhospokeattheparents’meetingjustnowisJohn’sfather.B)非限制性定语从句：是对所修饰的词作进一步说明，仅起补充作用，拿掉他，其他部分仍然清楚。非限制性定语从句通常与主句之间用“，”隔开，限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，不用“，”隔开。John,whosefatherisawriter,worksinBeijing.ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun,whowasagreatwriter.4)注意要点A）只能用that，不能用which（who）：1、当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。2、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing时（something用which，that都可以）。3、当先行词被all,only,very,any,just,no,much等词修饰时。4、当先行词既指人又指物时。5、当句子中已有who指认时。6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。B）不能用that1、非限制性定语从句2、在介词后面不能用thatC）先行词是place,time,reason1、当先行词是place（或其他表示地点的词）Thisisthefamousplacewhere(atwhich)thekingusedtomeethisministers.Thisisthefamousplacewhich/that/Xwevisitedlastyear.注意：看先行词在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语用where，充当主语或宾语用which2、当先行词是time（或其他表示时间的词）October1isthedaywhen(onwhich)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/that/XIspendwithmystudents.3、当先行词是reasonThisisthereasonwhyhewaslatethismorning.Thisisthereasonwhich/thatmayexplainhisabsence.D)介词+which与where，when的转化;介词+whom；Thehotelwheretheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.Thehotelinwhichtheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhenhebroketheworldrecord.Hewillalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhebroketheworldrecord.ThewomantowhomIspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher.Thewomanwho(whom)IspoketojustnowismyEnglishteacher.E)有些介词短语有固定搭配意思的不能随意搬动Thebaby(who)mymotherislookingafterismyyoungerbrother.F)theway作先行词，定语从句用that,inwhich或省略。Thatistheway_that/inwhich/X_hespoke.G）定语从句的谓语动词的用法I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoeverythingforyou.Tomisoneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoareoftenlate.Tomisthe(only)oneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoisoftenlate.H)定语从句中的插入语Heistheteacher,whoIthinkwillbeourclassteachernextyear.Ithink,everybodybelieves,Isuppose等插入语，在考虑用什么关系代词和关系副词时，可暂时不看，以免受迷惑。I）区分定语从句和并列句Ihavetwouncles,bothofwhomareengineers.(非限制性定语从句)Ihavetwouncles,andbothofthemareengines.(并列句)J）区分定语从句和强调句ItwasthestreetwhereImetmyteacher.定语从句Itwasinthestreetthat(where错)Imetmyteacher.强调句K）修饰先行词eachtime,eachday修饰先行词eachtime,eachday,everytime,everyday,thefirsttime,theminute,themoment,thesecond,theinstant的方法如下：Eachtime(不需关系代词或关系副词)Isawhim,hewashappy.(定语从句/状语从句)L）whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,whereverwhoever=anyonewho=nomatterwhowhatever/whichever=anythingthat=nomatterwhat(which)whenever=in/on/atwhatevertimethat=nomatterwhenwhenever=in/at/towhateverplacethat=nomatterwherewhoever,whatever,whichever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子whenever,wherever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子中替代状语Whoever(nomatterwho)breaksthelaw,hemustbepunished.(状语从句)Whoever(anyonewho)breaksthelawmustbepunished.(主语从句)相当于定语从句Wemustpunishwhoever(anyonewho)breaksthelaw.(宾语从句)相当于定语从句Whereveryouwanttogo,youmaygo.(状语从句)Youmaygowherever(towhateverplacethat)youwanttogo.(状语从句)相当于定语从句练习题：1.Isthereabararound_______Icanhavesomethingtoeat?A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where2.Thehouse,_________wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof3.Edisonmadealotofinventions,_________ofgreatimportance.A.whichIthinkareB.whichIthinktheyareC.whichIthinktheyD.Ithinkwhichare4.I‘lltalkaboutanewly-openedmarket_______youmaygetall________youneed.A.inwhich,whichB.where,thatC.where,whatD.which,that5.Canyoulendmeth