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文档Unit6单元语法小专题(GrammarFocus)语法精讲一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态的结构为“was/were＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by)＋其他”。其否定形式是在was/were后加not；疑问形式是把was/were放到句首。如:Awonderfulfilmwasseenbyusyesterdayevening.昨天晚上我们看了一场精彩的电影。Marydidn'tgotoDavid'sbirthdaypartybecauseshewasn'tinvited.玛丽没有参加大卫的生日聚会，因为她没有受到邀请。Wereflowersandgrassplantedbythemalongtheroadlastyear？去年他们沿路种植了一些花草吗？特殊的被动语态:1.含有双宾语的被动语态含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为被动结构的主语。一般是把主动结构中指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这样句子显得自然；若指物的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前要加介词to，for等。如:Helentmeabike.→Iwaslentabike(byhim).→Abikewaslenttome(byhim).他借给了我一辆自行车。2.复合宾语的被动语态若主动句为“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补”这种复合宾语结构时，则只能将宾语变为被动结构的主语，宾补变成被动结构的主语补足语。如:WecallhimXiaoWang.我们叫他小王。→HeiscalledXiaoWang.他叫小王。注意:若主动语态中的宾补是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时需把to补上。如:Theyheardhersingasongattheparty.→Shewasheardtosingasongattheparty.在晚会上他们听她唱了一首歌。3.短语动词的被动语态谓语动词为短语动词时，变为被动语态后，不能丢掉词末尾的介(副)词。如:Shelooksafterhergrandmother.→Hergrandmotherislookedafter(byher).她照料她的奶奶。4.特殊疑问句的被动语态和主动句一样，仍将疑问词置于句首。若主动句的疑问词是who，变被动句时要改为bywhom置于句首，也可仍用who，而将by置于句末；若主动句的疑问词是whom，则改为who，其余疑问句不变。如:Whoboughtthebook？→Whowasthebookboughtby？或Bywhomwasthebookbought？谁买了这本书？语法精练Ⅰ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Thebridgeovertheriver________________(finish)threeyearsago.2.Apresent________________(give)tomebymyfriendonmybirthday.3.He________________(see)toswiminDamingLakeyesterday.4.Annie________________(invite)totheparty.Shehadawonderfultimewithus.5.Thebook________________(translate)intomanyotherlanguageslastyear.6.Youarelate.Allthetickets________________(sell)outanhourago.7.Myshoes________________(wash)bymymotheryesterday.8.________alotofusefulthings________(invent)byEdison?9.Thewindow________________(clean)tenminutesago，andtheroomlooksbrightnow.10.InEngland，nobodyundertheageof18________________(allow)todrinkinbars.Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。文档11.Weboughtapianolastterm.(改为被动语态)Apiano________________byuslastterm.12.PenicillinwasdiscoveredbyAlexanderFleming.(改为一般疑问句)________Penicillin________byAlexanderFleming?13.ThebookswerewrittenbyMr.Limanyyearsago.(改为否定句)Thebooks________________byMr.Limanyyearsago.14.Theirhomeworkwashandedinyesterday.(对画线部分提问)________________theirhomework________in?15.Wedidn'tgrowvegetablesinthegardenlastyear.(改为被动语态)Vegetables________________inthegardenbyuslastyear.单元重难点题组训练题组训练一smell的用法Ⅰ.单项选择。()1.—HowdoyoulikethefishIcookedforyou?—Ihaven'thadityet.However，it________good.A.smellsB.testesC.soundsD.feels()2.—Themedicine________awful.Ican'tstandit.—Iknow，Jimmy.Butit'shelpfulforyou.A.tastesB.eatsC.drinksD.takes()3.Coffeeisready.Howniceit________!A.smellsB.soundsC.feelsD.becomes题组训练二bymistake与byaccident的用法Ⅰ.单项选择。()1.Becareful！Youmightcutyourself________.A.byaccidentB.bymistakeC.byanaccidentD.byamistake()2.Itookthewrongtrain________.Ididn'tevenknowituntilhalfanhourlater.A.bymistakesB.bymistakeC.withmistakeD.withmistakes()3.—Doyouknowhowteawasinvented?—Itissaidthatteawasinvented________.A.byaccidentB.ondisplayC.onsaleD.insurprise题组训练三takeplace与happen辨析Ⅰ.单项选择。()1.Therewerelotsofpeopleatthestreetcornerwhentheaccident________.A.tookplaceB.hashappenedC.washappenedD.happened()2.Inthepastfewyears，greatchanges________inmyhometown.A.takeplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.havehappened()3.Somethingspecial________inthathouse.Manypolicearestandingoutsideit.A.happenB.tookplaceC.takeplaceD.tookout题组训练四notonly…butalso…的用法Ⅰ.单项选择。()1.NotonlymyfriendsbutalsoI________interestedinfootballandMessiisourfavoritestar.A.beB.amC.isD.are()2.Jackisgoodatplayingtheinstruments.Heplays________thepiano________theviolin.A.either；orB.neither；norC.notonly；butalsoD.either；and()3.Weneedsomeplayersforthegame.________you________yourbrothercanjoinus.A.Not；butB.Neither；norC.Either；norD.Notonly；butalso单元写作小专题&SectionB(3a～3b)【单元写作目标】文档能介绍自己最喜爱的发明并叙述理由。1.能用“beinventedin/by，beusedfor…”等句型描述发明物的历史；2.写作微技能:列提纲在英语写作中的运用。一、语言积累(一)Basicinformation:用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，补充发明的时间、地点和发明者的信息。注意句子的语态。1.Theteawasfirst________(drink)byShenNongnearly5，000yearsago.2.ChaJingwas________(write)byLuYu，“thesaintoftea”，duringtheTangDynasty.3.AccordingtoChinesehistory，kiteswerefirst________(use)byHanXin.4.Abacuswas________(create)inChinainthesixthcenturybyaChineseman.5.Basketballwas________(invent)bya________(Canada)doctorinthe19thcentury.6.Thejeanswerefirst________(make)byayoungmancalledLevi'sinAmericain1853.7.Itisbelievedthatthefirstice－creamwas________(introduce)toItalybyMarcoPolointhe1500's.(二)Usage:根据所给首字母、单词或中文提示，补全信息。了解各类发明的用途。1.Shoeswithlightsareusedfors________inthedark.2.Hotice－creamscoopisusedfor________(serve)reallycoldice－cream.3.Shoeswithspecial________(鞋跟)areusedfor________(change)the________(款式)oftheshoes.Theycanmaketheshoesgofromcasualtodressy.4.TheInternetisusedfor________(communicate)and________(search)usefulinformation.5.________(网站)areusedforofferingonlineservice.(三)ReasonsorPurpose:根据所给首字母、单词或中文提示，补全信息。1.InancientChina，skylanternsweres________outtoaskforhelpwhenpeopleintrouble.2.Theteaproducedapleasantsmellafteritwas________(boil)inhotwaterforsometime.3.TheGreatWall，thebiggestman－madeobjectwas________(build)toprotectthecountryandthepeople.4.Thetea，oneofthemostfamousdrinks,was________(di