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学号：012070502011届本科生毕业论文（设计）题目：沼液浸种和根外追肥对玉米农艺性状和产量的影响研究学院(系)农学院专业年级：植物科学与技术072班学生姓名：指导教师：合作指导教师：完成日期：二0一一年六月目录1、文献综述...........................................-1-1.1沼液的概述......................................................-1-1.1.1沼液的成分..................................................-1-1.1.2沼液的功能...................................................-1-1.1.3不同原料沼气池的沼渣沼液中养分含量的差异.....................-1-1.2.沼液浸种的研究现状..............................................-2-1.2.1沼液浸种机理研究现状.........................................-2-1.2.2沼液浸种在主要粮食作物的研究现状.............................-3-1.2.3.沼液浸种注意事项............................................-5-1.3.沼液肥料化的研究现状............................................-5-1.3.1沼液用作根外追肥的研究.......................................-5-1.3.2直接用作基肥和追肥的研究.....................................-6-1.4.沼液防治虫害....................................................-7-1.5.沼液养殖........................................................-8-1.5.1.沼液喂猪....................................................-8-1.5.2.沼液养鱼....................................................-8-1.5.3.沼液喂鸡....................................................-8-1.6.沼液综合利用的发展方向..........................................-8-2、材料与方法.........................................-9-2.1.试验材料........................................................-9-2.2.试验设计.......................................................-9-2.2.1沼液浸种试验................................................-9-2.2.2沼液根外追肥试验............................................-9-2.3.测试项目与方法.................................................-9-2.3.1玉米农艺性状的测定..........................................-9-2.3.2玉米产量的测定...............................................-9-2.4数据处理和分析..................................................-9-3、结果与分析.........................................-9-3.1沼液浸种对玉米农艺性状的影响....................................-9-3.2沼液浸种对玉米产量的影响.......................................-15-3.3根外追肥对玉米农艺性状的影响...................................-15-3.4根外追肥对玉米产量的影响.......................................-19-4、结论与讨论........................................-20-4.1结论...........................................................-20-4.2讨论...........................................................-20-参考文献：..........................................-20-附录.......................................错误!未定义书签。致谢...............................................-22-沼液浸种和根外追肥对玉米农艺性状和产量的影响研究摘要：沼液是沼气厌氧发酵后的液体剩余物，是一种新型的农业肥料，为探索不同沼液浸种和根外追肥对玉米农艺性状和产量的影响，从而为沼液浸种在玉米上的应用提供可靠的科学依据。研究利用不同浓度的沼液对玉米种子进行播前不同浸种时间处理，同时进行沼液根外追肥浓度的随机区组试验，通过比较各个处理间的农艺性状和实际产量的差异，获得沼液浸种玉米的最适浓度，最佳时间以及沼液根外追肥的最适浓度。试验表明：沼液浸种对玉米农艺性状有积极作用，尤其表现在穗长和鲜重上，以24h+100%为最佳。沼液浸种增加了穗行数和行粒数，因而能提高玉米产量，并且不同沼液浓度和不同浸种时间处理下玉米产量之间有差异，以100%沼液浸种24h为产量最高。并表现在在浸种时间上，低浓度需要长时间浸种，高浓度浸种时间不宜过长。沼液根外追肥的结果表明：喷施次数以3次效果最明显。在农艺性状表现上，以100%浓度为最佳，75%浓度次之。沼液浓度对根外追肥的增产效果表现为：以高浓度最佳，低浓度次之，清水和对照效果最差。具体顺序为：100%＞75%＞50%＞25%＞0%＞CK。关键词：玉米；沼液浸种；根外追肥；产量；农艺性状EffectofmaizeseedwithbiogasfermentationliquidandfoliagedressingonthewheatyieldandtheagronomictraitsAuthor：ZhuduanxuInstructor：RenguangxinAbstract:Naturalpondliquidisasurplusoftheanaerobicfermentationofmarshgasqueenthing,isonekindoflate～modelagriculturefertilizer,inordertoexplortheinfluencetoagronomictraitsandyieldofmaizewithdifferentnaturalpondliquidseedsoakingandfoliagespray,forprovidingreliablescientificevidenceontheapplicationofmaizewirth.Reserchingontreatmentsonseedofmaizebeforesowingwithdifferentconcentrationsofnaturalpondliquidandperiod,atthesametime,doingrandomizedblockexperimentwithdifferentconcentrationoffoliagespraywithanturalpondliquid,comparingthedifferencesofagronomicandyieldbetweendifferenttreatmentstogetthemostappropriateconcentrationandthebestperiodofnaturalpondliquidmazieseedsoaking.Theexperimentshows：Thenaturalpondliquidseedsoakinghasapositiveeffetontheagronomictraitsofmaize,especiallyintheperformanceoftheearlengthandfreshweight,24hoursof100%naturalpondliquidseedsoakingisthebest.Theyiedofmaizeincreasesbecauseoftheincreaseofearrownumbersandkenelperrowasnaturalpondliquidseedsoaking.Andtherearedifferencesofyieldwithdifferenttreatmentsofconcentrationandtime,24hoursof100%naturalpondseedsoakingisthebest.Inthesoakingtime,lowconcentrationshoudbesoakingforlongperiods,highconcentrationshouldnotbetoolong.Theresultoffoliagesprayhaveindicated:sprayingwith3timesisthemostobvious.Intheperformanceofagronomictraits,100%naturalpondliquidseedsoakingisthebest,75%ofthatisbetter.Inperformanceoftheeffetofincreasingyieldwithconcentrationofnaturalpondliquid:treatmentwithhighconcentrationisthebest,withlowconcentrationisbetter,withfreshwaterandCK.Specificsequenceisthat:100%＞75%＞50%＞25%＞0%＞CK.So3timesof100%naturalpondliquidisthebestforyield.Keywords:maize;soakingseedswithdigestedslurry;foliagespray;yield;agronomictraits沼液浸种和根外追肥对玉米农艺性状和产量的影响研究-1-1、文献综述沼液是沼气厌氧发酵后的产物，即发酵原料经过甲烷菌厌氧消化后所生成的具有水溶性的剩余物[1]。其速效营养能力强，养分可利用率高，能迅速被作物吸收利用，不但能提高作物的产量和品质，而且具有防病抗逆作用，是一种优质的有机液体肥料[2]。沼液含有多种植物所需的养分、各种生长激素及维生素等，是一种速效有机肥[1]。沼液在农业综合利用上主要表现在以下方面：沼液浸种、沼液根外追肥、沼液防治病虫害、沼液养殖等[3]。1.1沼液的概述1.1.1沼液的成分沼液是禽畜粪便等有机物经过厌氧发酵后的残留液体，