蔬菜育种专题

2018年第38期总152期蔬菜育种专题本期导读前沿资讯1．以色列开发了一种育种软件科技报告1．世界农业供需预测学术文献1．HTT2促进油菜植株耐热性的研究2．甘蓝型油菜种质资源数量性状遗传差异的研究3．甘蓝的种子性状取决于母体环境与种子活力基因的等位基因差异相互作用4．OsPGIP2基因的过度表达通过防御机制的进一步激活赋予甘蓝型油菜菌核病抗性中国农业科学院农业信息研究所联系人：王爱玲联系电话：[phone]邮箱：[e-mail]2018年9月17日前沿资讯1．Softwaresolutionsforplantbreedersandvarietytesters(以色列开发了一种育种软件)简介：以色列公司PhenomeNetworks开发出一种育种软件，可使用户在育种过程中捕获、整理、管理产生的数据，以便找出将来值得培育、最有可能成功商业化或用于进一步栽培的最佳品种。这套软件支持育种前期、育种和品种测试等各个阶段，从早期对有价值遗传数据的收集，到杂交种的选择和评估，均满足了育种项目的需求。软件重点关注病虫害抗性、高产量、口味和外观等性状。该软件可以让育种过程的所有参与方都能实时、顺畅沟通，共享信息，花更少的时间培育出更好的品种。该育种软件有六个模块：（1）数据管理。可管理育种和测试过程中产生的所有数据。支持育种员选择品种并做出决策。（2）库存管理。以数字化方式追溯种批和种子库存。（3）移动端应用。可让用户通过平板、智能手机或其他移动设备收集田间数据。（4）人性化的数据分析。可统计分析育种和观测数据，分析结果直观形象。（5）基因组。将基因组数据管理与育种过程相结合，可计算DNA标记和受其影响的植物性状之间的关联。（6）智慧育种。该算法可根据育种项目的设定目标向育种员建议哪些杂交种潜力巨大。来源：AgroPages发布日期:2018-08-06全文链接:科技报告1．WorldAgriculturalSupplyandDemandEstimates(世界农业供需预测)简介：TheWorldAgriculturalSupplyandDemandEstimates(WASDE)reportispreparedmonthlyandincludesforecastsforU.S.andworldwheat,rice,andcoarsegrains(corn,barley,sorghum,andoats),oilseeds(soybeans,rapeseed,palm),andcotton.U.S.coverageisextendedtosugar,meat,poultry,eggs,andmilk.USDAWorldAgriculturalOutlookBoardanalystschairtheInteragencyCommodityEstimatesCommittees(ICECs)comprisingrepresentativesfromseveralkeyUSDAagencies.ThenineICECs-oneforeachcommodity-compileandinterpretinformationfromUSDAandotherdomesticandforeignofficialsourcestoproducethereport.来源：USDA发布日期:2018-08-10全文链接:学术文献1．HTT2promotesplantthermotoleranceinBrassicarapa(HTT2促进油菜植株耐热性的研究)简介：Background:Numerousregulatorygenesparticipateinplantthermotolerance.InArabidopsis,HEAT-INDUCEDTAS1TARGET2(HTT2)isanimportantthermotolerancegenethatissilencedbyta-siR255,atrans-actingsiRNA.ta-siR255isabsentfromheadingChinesecabbage(Brassicarapassp.pekinensis).OurpreviousattempttooverexpresstheendogenousBrpHTT2geneofheadingChinesecabbage(B.rapassp.pekinensis)failedbecauseofcosuppression.Intheory,headingChinesecabbagecanoverexpressArabidopsisHTT2toimprovethermotoleranceintheabsenceofta-siR255-mediatedgenesilencingandtheweakpotentialofcoexpression.Results:TotestthepotentialapplicationofHTT2inimprovingcropthermotolerance,wetransferredp35S::HTT2toheadingChinesecabbage.Wetestedtheleafelectricalconductivity,hypocotylelongation,andsurvivalpercentageofp35S::HTT2plantssubjectedtohigh-temperature(38℃)andheat-shock(46℃)treatment.Theleafelectricalconductivityofp35S::HTT2seedlingsunderhightemperaturedecreasedbutdidnegligiblychangeunderheatshock.Thehypocotyllengthofp35S::HTT2seedlingsincreasedunderhightemperatureandheatshock.Thesurvivalrateofp35S::HTT2seedlingsincreasedunderheatshock.BrpHsfs,asubsetofheat-shockfactorgenes,wereupregulatedinp35S::HTT2plantsunderhigh-temperatureandheatshockconditions.Inthefield,transgenicplantswithHTT2appearedgreenerandformedleafyheadsearlierthanwild-typeplants.Conclusions:ExogenousHTT2increasedthesurvivalratesofheat-shockedheadingChinesecabbagebypromotingthermotolerancethroughdecreasingelectricalconductivityandextendinghypocotyllength.Ourworkprovidesanewapproachtothegeneticmanipulationofthermotoleranceincropsthroughtheintroductionofexogenousthermotolerancegenes.来源：BMCPlantBiology发布日期:2018-06-20全文链接:．GeneticdivergenceinBrassicanapusl.germplasmasdeterminedbyquantitativeattributes(甘蓝型油菜种质资源数量性状遗传差异的研究)简介：BrassicanapusL.,acandidatewithhighyieldandgoodqualityoilpotentialwasevaluatedforgeneticdivergencefortwoyearsontwolocations.Acollectionof328linesbelongingtovariousoriginsalongwithacheckvarietyFaisalCanolawassowninthefieldfollowingaugmenteddesignandphenotypedforeighteenquantitativetraits.Therecordeddatawhenstatisticallyanalyzedinferredthat,daystoflowerinitiation,50%flowering,flowercompletion,50%maturityweremaincontributorsofvariationsinthegermplasmandwerehighlyrelatedwithpoddehiscenceandyield.Furthermore,BN328,BN371,BN494,BN618,BN625andBN627werefounddiverselinesinbothyears.TheoutcomesfromthisstudyareveryhelpfultoproceedforanyOilseedrapebreedingprogramstoimproveyield.来源：PakistanJournalofBotany发布日期:2018-06-01全文链接:．InteractionofmaternalenvironmentandallelicdifferencesinseedvigourgenesdeterminesseedperformanceinBrassicaoleracea(甘蓝的种子性状取决于母体环境与种子活力基因的等位基因差异相互作用)简介：Seedvigourisakeytraitessentialfortheproductionofsustainableandprofitablecrops.ThegeneticbasisofvariationinseedvigourhasrecentlybeendeterminedinBrassicaoleracea,buttherelativeimportanceoftheinteractionwithparentalenvironmentisunknown.Weproducedseedsunderarangeofmaternalenvironments,includingglobalwarmingscenarios.Lineswerecomparedthathadthesamegeneticbackground,butdifferentalleles(forhighandlowvigour)atthequantitativetraitlociresponsiblefordeterminingseedvigourbyalteringabscisicacid(ABA)contentandsensitivity.Wefoundaconsistenteffectofbeneficialallelesacrossproductionenvironments;however,environmentalstressduri