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真题2000年１月份托福阅读真题及其答案AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury，itbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastandgrowingagriculturalhinterland.Marketdayssawthecrowdedcityevenmorecrowded，aslinefannersfromwithinaradiusof24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheep，cows，pigs，vegetables，cider，andotherproductsfordirectsaletothetownspeople.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuouslyenlargedthroughouttheperioduntil1736，whenitreachedfromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreetbetweenPineandCedar.ThenextyeartheCallowhillMarketbeganoperation.Alongwithmarketdays，theinstitutionoftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphiaevenaftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.Thefairsprovidedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfromoutlyingplacestowould-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown，forexample，werepopularitems.Auctionswereanotherpopularformofoccasionaltrade.Becauseofthecompetition，retailmerchantsopposedtheseaswellasthefairs.Althoughgovernmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessful，theordinarycourseofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’side，asincreasingbusinessspecializationbecametheorderoftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterparts，andspecialtyshopsbegantoappearinadditiontogeneralstoressellingavarietyofgoods.OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia’smerchantsgenerallyprosperedwasbecausethesurroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.Theydidtheirbusiness，afterall，inthecapitalcityoftheprovince.Notonlydidtheycatertothegovernorandhiscircle，butcitizensfromalloverthecolonycametothecapitalforlegislativesessionsoftheassemblyandcouncilandthemeetingsofthecourtsofjustice.21.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss？Philadelphia’sagricultureimportancePhiladelphia’sdevelopmentasamarketingcenterThesaleofimportedgoodsinPhiladelphiaTheadministrationofthecityofPhiladelphia2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatnewmarketsopenedinPhiladelphiabecausetheyprovidedmoremodemfacilitiesthanoldermarketstheHighStreetMarketwasforcedtocloseexistingmarketswereunabletoservethegrowingpopulationfarmerswantedmarketsthatwereclosertothefarms.3.Theword“hinterland“inline3isclosestinmeaningtotraditionassociationproduceregion4.Theword“it“inline6referstothecrowdedcityaradiustheHighStreetMarkettheperiod5.Theword“persisted“inline9isclosestinmeaningtoreturnedstarteddeclinedcontinued36.Accordingtothepassage，fairsinPhiladelphiawereheldonthesamedayasmarketsaysasoftenaspossibleacoupleoftimesayearwheneverthegovernmentallowedit7.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthormentions“Linensandstockings“inline12toshowthattheywereitemsthatretailmerchantswerenotwillingtosellwerenotavailableinthestoresinPhiladelphiaweremorepopularinGermantownmaninPhiladelphiacouldeasilybetransported8.Theword“eradicate“inline16isclosestinmeaningtoeliminateexploitorganizeoperate9.Whatdoestheauthormeanbystatinginline17that“economicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’side“？Merchantshadastrongimpactoneconomicexpansion.Economicforcesallowedmerchantstoprosper.MerchantshadtoworktogethertoachieveeconomicindependenceSpecialtyshopsnearlargemarketsweremorelikelytobeeconomicallysuccessful.10.Theword“undergoing“inline22isclosestinmeaningtorequestingexperiencingrepeatingincluding