人教版英语选修六Unit2虚拟语气

虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood嘉祥一中刘善西Grammar语法虚拟语气语法背景：英语语气的分类一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句的使用(1)虚拟条件句的结构(2)虚拟条件句的省略与倒装(3)特殊的虚拟条件句：错综式、含蓄式、Ifonly引导的感叹句二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法(wish与wouldrather后的宾语从句)三、虚拟语气在asif/though从句的用法四、虚拟语气在It’stimethat中的用法陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.祈使语气Let’sgo.虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.一.语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。二、条件状语从句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。a.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设,愿望,怀疑或推测。I,we第一人称全部人称虚拟语气的从句及主句的否定结构的变化与陈述语气一样.（be动词、情态动词及助动词后加not）（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.如果我是男孩，我会参军的。（现在）1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中---Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery(彩票)?---IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuy…表示与现在事实相反的假设IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyasuperbhouse(豪宅).IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.Ifitwerefinenow,Iwouldgoshopping.a.Ifthey____(be)herenow,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearthnow?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappen巩固练习:Fillintheblanks.注意：一定要分清主句和从句c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroomnow,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask注意：一定要分清主句和从句(2).与过去的事实相反的假设从句的谓语用had＋过去分词,构成Ifsb.＋had＋过去分词主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第一、二、三人称)/could/mighthave＋动词过去分词。Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeena.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaught巩固练习:Fillintheblanks.注意：一定要分清主句和从句c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone注意：一定要分清主句和从句(3).与将来事实相反的假设从句的谓语用Ifsb.＋动词过去式/weretodo/shoulddo主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第一、二、三人称)/could/mightdoIfyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifhegotupearlytomorrow,hewouldbeontime.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetup巩固练习:Fillintheblanks注意：一定要分清主句和从句c.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,there________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe注意：一定要分清主句和从句如果虚拟条件状语从句中含有were，had(助动词)，should，有时候可以把它们提到句首，将句首的if省略，构成句式:Were/Had/Should+主语Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.=Werehehere,…Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim=Hadyoucomeearlier,….Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldhavetocalloffthemeeting.=Shoulditraintomorrow,…2、虚拟条件句的省略与倒装句式Shoulditrain，thecropswouldbesaved.＝Wereittorain，thecropswouldbesaved.＝Ifitshould(wereto)rain，thecropswouldbesaved.如果下雨的话，庄稼就会得救了。从句中的虚拟结构是否必须和主句的结构一一对应呢？主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做错综时间条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)3、特殊的虚拟条件句：错综时间条件句Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themall(购物中心)wouldnotbeonfirenow.（从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)有时假设的情况并不以条件状语从句的形式出现，而是用一个介词短语或其他方式表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的词和短语有：without(如果没有……)，butfor(要不是……的话)，butthat(要不是……)，otherwise(或or)(要不然)等。4、特殊的虚拟条件句：含蓄条件句注意：这些词或短语引出的句子，一般相当于一个If引导的条件状语从句，剩余的句子，相当于虚拟条件句的主句，结构与虚拟条件句的主句一样。otherwise(或or)例外。without(如果没有……)butfor(要不是……的话)butthat(要不是……)otherwise(或or)+虚拟条件句的主句结构它们引导的句子相当于从句；剩余部分用主句结构。课文重现Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.如果没有这些新颜料与新的技巧，(现在)我们就不能看到使这一时代赖以闻名的杰作了。Therearescoresofmodernartstyles,butwithouttheImpressionists,manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.现代艺术风格有数十种，然而，如果没有印象派，(现在)那么这许多的绘画风格不可能存在。Withoutwater，therewouldbenolife.如果没有水，就没有生命。(现在)Butforyouradvice，Iwouldhavefailed.(过去)＝Ifyouhadn’tgivenmeadvice，Iwouldhavefailed.如果不是有你的建议，我会失败的。Butthatshewasafraid，shewouldhavesaidno.=Ifshehadnotbeenafraid,…要不是她害怕的话，她就会说“不”了。Hewasverybusyyesterday，otherwisehewouldhavecometotheparty.(过去)他昨天太忙了，否则的话，他就会来参加聚会了。Ifonly…!要是…该多好…；常用来表达未成实现的愿望。(结构的时态向前推一个时间段)（1）表达现在或将来不可能实现的愿望，用过去时(be动词用were)：IfonlyIwere10yearsyounger!要是我年轻10岁该多好！（2）表达过去不可能实现的愿望，用haddone：IfonlyIhadfollowedMr.Liu’sadvice!要是听了刘老师的话该多好啊！（3）表达将来不可能实现的愿望，用would/coulddo.(不用should)IfonlyIwouldflyintotheskyoneday!如果有朝一日我能飞上天该多好！5、特殊的虚拟条件句：Ifonly引起的感叹句。二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表达过去、现在或将来不大可能实现的愿望，用虚拟结构2.(结构的时态向前推一个时间段)。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式(be动词一律用were)。IwishIwereastallasyou.（现在）IwishIwereabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.IwishIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。有时也可以使用couldhavedone本来能做…Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.(3)表示将来不大可能实现的愿望:从句动词形式为“would/could/might＋动词原形”。(不用should)Iwishyouwould/could/mightcomesoon.但愿你立刻来。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.2.wouldrather(that)现在：过去：将来：Iwouldratheryoupai