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Unit4TalkingaboutpastexperiencesNaturaldisastersLanguagestudyReadingTalkingaboutpastexperiencestheman/maketheearliestseismograph/132ZhangHengisthemanwhomadetheearliestseismographin132.thecity/bebombedonSept11,2001TalkingaboutpastexperiencesNewYorkisthecitythat/whichwasbombedonSept11,2001.disease/takemanypeople’slivesTalkingaboutpastexperiencesSARSisthediseasethat/whichhastakenmanypeople’slives.theship/sinkafterhittinganicebergTalkingaboutpastexperiencesTitanicistheshipthat/whichsankafterhittinganiceberg.thecity/getthechancetohostthe2008OlympicsTalkingaboutpastexperiencesBeijingisthecitythat/whichgotthechancetohostthe2008Olympics.NaturaldisastersfloodNaturaldisastersearthquaketyphoonNaturaldisastersNaturaldisastersfireNaturaldisastersvolcanomud-and-rockflowNaturaldisastersNaturaldisastersYouareintheclassroom.You’reridingabikeontheroad.You’resleepinginyourbedroom.You’reshoppinginasupermarket.First,…Next,…Then,…Finally,…Reading1.WhatwereFlora’sfirsttwofeelings?While-readingquestions2.WhywasJefflookingforthechimney?Flora’sfirsttwofeelingswere“surprise”and“wonder”.Jeffwaslookingforthechimneybecauseitisthestrongestpartofthehouse.GrammarstudyLanguagestudySynopsisSpecialusagesIdentifyingGap-fillingProofreadingAttributiveClauseTheclauseusedastheattributeinasentenceiscalled…structure:antecedent+(先行词)relativepron.(assub.orobj.)relativeadv.(asadverbial)(that/which/who(m)/whose)(when/where/why)LanguagestudyRelativepronounsTalkingaboutpeopleDoyouknowthemanwho/thatcametoseeXiaoYangthismorning.TalkingaboutthingsIcouldn’tfindthebookwhich/thatIboughtyesterday.whoseDoyouknowtheboywhoseparentsareonholiday?Heisamanwho/whom/thatweshouldalllearnfrom.Thetablewhich/thatyoujustsawismadeofplastics.I’veneverbeentotheroomwhosewindowsarebroken.Languagestudywho/whom/that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。E.g.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhichthe互换）Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhichthe）coverisgreen.关系代词that的用法a）引导非限定性定语从句时e.g.Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.（wrong）b）介词后不能用e.g.Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.1）关系代词不用that的情况１．先行词为all,anything,nothing,something,little,few,much等不定代词时．我能用的（东西）极其少．ThereislittlethatIcanuse.２．先行词被all,each,few,much,every,no,some,any等不定代词修饰时．你需要的书都在这儿．Allthebooksthatyouneedarehere.３．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时．这是他用英语写的第一篇作文．ThisisthefirstcompositionthathehaswritteninEnglish.2）.关系代词只能用that的情况４．先行词既有人又有物时。他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.５．主句是以who或which开头的疑问句在那里说话的人是谁?Whoisthemanthatisspeakingoverthere?６．先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时这正是我在找的枪。ThisistheverygunthatIamlookingfor.７．先行词在从句中做表语时他已经不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。Heisnottheyoungmanthathewasthirtyyearsago.８．在therebe句型中，如先行词指物，用that,而不用which.Therearemanybooksthatwerewrittenbyhiminmyhome.Thereisahousethathasbeautifulwindows.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。e.g.JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.(时间状语)She’sgoinghomewhereshecanrest.（地点状语）DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?(原因状语)判断关系代词与关系副词把先行词放回从句，看它在从句中所作的成分。1.如果不需要添词句子仍然完整，那先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语（表所属关系），选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose)。2.如果需要添介词才能使从句完整，那么先行词在从句中作状语，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。判断改错：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.I‘llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。判断关系代词与关系副词方法：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、宾、定、状），就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone判断关系代词与关系副词例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.ThegirlwhomImetisLucy.3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.4.Ilikethebookwhichyouboughtyesterday.5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.7.Weshallneverforgetthedaysthatwespenttogether.8.Weshallneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.确定关系词在从句中的成分介词+关系词引导的定语从句1）某些在从句中充当时间，地点等状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如：Thisisthehouse_____Ilivedtwoyearsago.Doyouremembertheday______youjoinedourclub?2）介词后面的关系词不能省略。3）先行词是物，关系词用which,先行词是人,则关系词用whom．4)表所属关系时用ofwhich/whomTheboywhose/ofwhomtheparentsarebothdoctorswonthefirstplaceintheexam.5)表原因，用forwhichIsthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?介词＋关系词结构中介词的确定１．来源于构成完整时间、地点状语所需补出的介词．Thisisthemountainvillage____Istayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedays____Iworkedtogetherwithyou.２．来源于动词短语．Heisreallytheperson__whomwehavealottolearn.Thegirl__whomyouaretalkingisworkingforaninter