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威廉·莎士比亚人物简介莎士比亚（W.WilliamShakespeare；1564～1616）英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。中文名：威廉·莎士比亚外文名：W.WilliamShakespeare国籍：英国出生地：英格兰沃里克郡斯特拉福镇出生日期：1564年4月23日逝世日期：1616年5月3日职业：剧作家，诗人，演员代表作品：四大悲剧《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》《麦克白》WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)isoneofthemostremarkableplaywrightsandpoetstheworldhaseverknown.Withhis38plays,154sonnetsand2longpoems,hehasestablishedhisgiantpositioninworldliterature.Hehasalsobeengiventhehighestpraisesbyvariousscholarsandcriticstheworldover.Inthepastfourhundredyearsorso,booksandessaysonShakespeareandhisworkshavekeptcomingoutinlargequantities.ShakekspearewenttoLondonwhichaffordedawonderfulenviromentforthedevelopmentofdrama.Shakespeareworkedbothasactorandplaywright.HeactedandwrotefortheLordChamberlain'sMen,whichwaslaterrenamedtheKing'sMen.ShakespeareestablishedhimselfsowellasaplaywrightthatRobertGreene,oneofthe“UniversityWits”,resentfullydeclaredhimtobe'anupstartcrow'.Fromabout1591toabout1611,Shakespearewasintheprimeofhisdramaticcareerandhisplayscameoutoneafteranother.Shakespearedidnotconfinehisgeniusmerelytothetheater.In1593and1594,hepublishedtwonarativepoems,VenusandAdonisandTheRapeofLucrece,bothofwhichwerededicatedtotheEarlofSouthampton.Healsowrotesonnets,whichwerepublishedin1609.By1597,ShakespearewassoprosperousthatheboughtthelargesthouseinStratford,knownasNewPlace.About1610ShakespeareleftLondonandretiredtoStratford,thoughhecontinuedtowriteforsometime.HediedonApril23,1616.AstheprecisedatesofmanyofShakespeare'splaysarestillindoubt,criticsholddifferentviewstothedivisionofhisdramaticcareer.Butgenerallyhisdramaticcareerisdividedintofourperiods.Thefirstperiodofshakespeare'sdramaticcareerwasoneofapprenticeship.Hewrotefivehistoryplays:HenryVI,PartsI,II,andIII,RichardIII,andTitusAndronicus;andfourcomedies:TheComedyofErrors,TheTwoGentlemenofVerona,TheTamingoftheShrew,andLove'sLabour'sLost.Inthesecondperiod,Shakespeare'sstyleandapproachbecamehighlyindividualized.Byconstructingacomplexpatternbetweendiferentcharactersandbetweenappearanceandreality,Shakespearemadesubtlecommentsonavarietyofhumanfoibles.InthisPeriodhewrotefivehistories:RichardII,KingJohn,HenryIV,PartsIandII,andHenryV,sixcomedies:AMidsummerNight'sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,MuchAdoAboutNothing,AsYouLikeIt,TwelfthNight,andTheMerryWivesofWindsor;andTwotragedies:RomeoandJulietandJuliusCaesar.Shakespeare'sthirdperiodincludeshisgreatesttragediesandhisso-calleddarkcomedies.ThetragediesofthisperiodareHamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth,AntonyandCleopatra,TroilusandCressida,andCoriolanus.ThetwocomediesareAll'sWellThatEndsWellandMeasureforMeasure.Thelastperiodofshakespeare'sworkincludeshisprincipleromantictragicomedies:Pericles,Cymbeline,TheWinter'sTaleandTheTempest;andhistwofinalplays:HenryVIIIandTheTwoNobleKinsmen.Shakespeare'sgreatesttragediesare:Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.（Thistextisonlyusedfornon-commercialpurpose.Youhavetohavespecialpermissiontoreprintthisarticle,reproductionofmaterialwithoutwittenpermissionisstrictlyprohibited.Contactmeforpermissiontocopythisarticle.Thisarticleorsectionmaybeinaccurate,hopemoreexpertscanmakecommentsonit.WilliamShakespearewasawriterofplaysandpoems.SomeofhismostfamousplaysareHamletandRomeoandJuliet.Hewasbornin1564inEngland.Atschoolhelikedwatchingplays.Hedecidedtobeanactorwhenhefinishedschoolattheageoffourteen.Hemarriedin1582andhadthreechildren.Attheageoftwenty-eighthemovedtoLondonandjoinedatheatercompany.Hebecameasuccessfulactorandstartedwritingplays.QueenElizabethI(伊丽莎白)enjoyedShakespeare'splay.In1599thecompanyopenedtheGlobeTheatreontheRiverThames(泰晤士河)inLondon.YoucangototheRiverThamesandGlobeTheaterinLondontoday.WilliamShakespearediedattheageoffifty-two.Hewasrichandsuccessful.YoucanstillseehisplaysinEnglishandmanyotherlanguages.Heisoneofthemostfamouswritersintheworld.莎士比亚的代表作有四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》(英：Hamlet)、《奥赛罗》（英：Othello)、《李尔王》（英：KingLear）、《麦克白》（英：Macbeth）。四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《第十二夜》、《皆大欢喜》（《Asyoulikeit》）。历史剧：《亨利四世》、《亨利五世》、《理查二世》等。还写过154首十四行诗，二首长诗。本·琼生称他为“时代的灵魂”，马克思称他和古希腊的埃斯库罗斯为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。虽然莎士比亚只用英文写作，但他却是世界著名作家。他的大部分作品都已被译成多种文字，其剧作也在许多国家上演。1616年4月23日病逝。莎士比亚和意大利著名数学家、物理学家、天文学家和哲学家、近代实验科学的先躯者伽利略同一年出生。名言Tobeornottobe.Thatisaquestion.生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。Betterawittyfoolthanafoolishwit.-Shakespeare宁为聪明的愚夫，不作愚蠢的才子。Alightheartliveslong.豁达者长寿。Donot,foronerepulse,giveupthepurposethatyouresolvedtoeffect.不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。Indelaythereliesnoplenty,Thencomekissme,sweetandtwenty,Youth’sastuffthatwillnotendure.迁延蹉跎，来日无多，二十丽姝，请来吻我，衰草枯杨，青春易过。Thetimeoflifeisshort;tospendthatshortnessbasely,itwouldbetoolong.人生苦短，若虚度年华，则短暂的人生就太长了。Don’tgildthelily.不要给百合花镀金/画蛇添足。Theemptyvesselsmakethegreatestsound.满瓶不响，半瓶咣当。Thecourseoftrueloveneverdidrunsmooth.真诚的爱情之路永不会是平坦的。Love,andthesamecharcoal,burning,needtofindwaystoaskcooling.Allowanarbitrary,itisnecessarytoheartcharred。爱，和炭相同，烧起来，得想办法叫它冷却。让它任意着，那就要把一颗心烧焦。Laughteristherootofallevil.笑是一切罪恶的根源。Wordscannotexpresstruelove,loyaltybehavioristhebestexplanation。真正的爱情是不能用言语表达的，行为才是忠心的最好说明。Loveisawomanwiththeears,andifthemenwilllove,butloveistouseyoureyes。女人是用耳朵恋爱的,而男人如果会产生爱情的话,却是用眼睛来恋爱。Ib