专四语法专题复习:限定词(一)解读

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THETHIRDLESSON:DETERMINER(1)第三讲:限定词(一)英语的限定词包括:定冠词(DefiniteArticle),不定冠词(IndefiniteArticle),零冠词(ZeroArticle)物主限定词(PossessiveDeterminer):my,your,his,her,our,your,their,one’s,its名词属格(GenitiveNoun):John’s,myfriend’s指示限定词(DemonstrativeDeterminer):this,that,these,those,such关系限定词(RelativeDeterminer):whosewhich疑问限定词(InterrogativeDeterminer):what,which,whose不定限定词(IndefiniteDeterminer):no,some,any,each,every,enough,either,neither,all,both,half,several,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,other,another基数词(CardinalNumeral)和序数词(OrdinalNumber)倍数词(MultiplicativeNumeral)和分数词(FractionalNumeral)量词(Quantifier):alotof,lotsof,plentyof,agreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallamount/quantityof,agreat/large/goodnumberof等。限定词与三类名词的搭配关系限定词与限定词的搭配关系若干限定词用法比较(1)能与三类名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如the,some,any,no,other,whose以及my,your等物主限定词和名词属格(John’s,myfriend’s)等能与三类名词搭配。例如:thebookthebooksthemoneymybookmybooksmymoneymyfriend’sbookmyfriend’sboodsmyfriend’smoneyanybookanybooksanymoneysomebooksomebookssomemoneynobooknobooksnomoneytheotherbooktheotherbookstheothermoneywhosebookwhosebookswhosemoney(2)只能与名词单数搭配的限定词有些限定词如a(n),one,another,each,every,either,neither,manya,sucha等只能与单数名词搭配。例如:eachworkereverystudenteitherbookneithersentenceanappleonecopyanotherbookmanyabooksuchabook(3)只能与复数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如both,two,three,anothertwo/three,many,(a)few,several,these,those,a(great)numberof等只能与复数名词搭配。例如:bothworkers(a)fewwordsseveralstudentsthese/thosebooksanumberofessaystwo/threevisitorsmanystudentsanothertwostudents(4)只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如a(little)bitof,alargeamountof,agreatdealof,(a)little,much,less,(the)least等只能与不可数名词搭配。abitofwateralargeamountofmoneymuchnoise(a)littlespacelessoil(the)leastoil(5)能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext等既可与单数名词搭配,也可与复数名词搭配。例如:thefirstrosethefirstrosesthelastmanthelastmenthenextmeetingthenextmeetings(6)能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如this,that等能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如:this/thatjobthis/thatwork(7)能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词还有些限定词如alotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough,more,most,such,other等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如:alotofbooksalotofmoneylotsofchickenslotsoffoodplentyofchairsplentyofwaterenoughcopiesenoughcoalmorearticlesmoretimemostpeoplemostworksuchmensuchbreadothermenotherbread这一类限定词也可以包括less和(the)least。如前所述,less和least通常只与不可数名词搭配,但在现代英语的非正式语体中,间或也可与复数名词搭配。例如:Lessandlesspeoplecanaffordtogoabroadfortheirholidays.PoliticalprogrammesonTVattracttheleastviewers.EXERCISES3.1A1.Whyisthere__trafficonthestreetsinFebruarythaninMay?A.lessB.fewerC.fewD.little2.Onaccountofthetyphoon__shipmentwillarrivethisweek.A.neitherB.allC.bothD.these3.Haveyougot__copiestogoround?A.theotherB.enoughC.alittleD.much4.There’s__waterinthebottle.A.fewB.anumberofC.plentyofD.any5.Thereis__ironinthisminethaninthatone.A.muchB.agreatdealofC.lessD.alotof6.Hewrote__essaysonVictoriannovelsinhisclass.A.thenextB.themostC.theotherD.themore7.Hehaspublished__shortstoriesinEnglish.A.agreatamountofB.anumberofC.anotherD.manya8.Wehad__rainfallslastsummer.A.toomuchB.littleC.alittleD.onlyseveral9.__carewouldhavepreventedtheaccident.A.MuchB.LittleC.AlittleD.Afew10.Thestudentsspent__theirtimeworkinginthefields.A.bothB.mostC.moreD.halfAABCCBBDCD在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时,就会产生限定词的先后顺序问题。按其不同的搭配位置,限定词可分为:(1)中位、前位、后位限定词按照限定词和限定词之间的不同搭配位置,限定词可分为中位限定词(CentralDeterminer)、前位限定词(Predeterminer)和后位限定词(Postdeterminer)。中位限定词•1、定冠词和不定冠词:a(n),the,zero;•2、物主限定词(物主代词和’s属格名词):my,your,Mary’s,myfriend’s•3、指示限定词:this,that,these,those•4、不定数量词(some,few,no,any,every,each,either,neither,enough);•5、疑问限定词和关系限定词:what(ever),which(ever),whoseb)前位限定词包括all,both,half;double,twice,threetimes等;one-third,two-fifths等;what,such(a/an)(跨类限定词)。c)后位限定词包括one,two,three等;first,second,third等;next,last,other,another等;many,much,(a)few,(a)little,fewer,(the)fewest,less,(the)least,more,most;several等;plentyof,alotof,lotsof,agreat/large/goodnumberof,agreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallamountof;such等。(2)三类限定词搭搭配关系如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词,其搭配关系总是按照“前位——中位——后卫”的顺序排列。例如:allthefourteachersallyourthreebooks前中后前中后alltheselastfewdays前中后后如果只有上述两类限定词,其搭配关系仍按上述顺序。例如:halfhislecturethoselastfewmonths前中中后后severalhundredguestsallotherstudents后后前后suchamisfortunesomesuchalloy前中中后有上述诸例可以看出,中位限定词和前位限定词之间是相互排斥的,即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。所以,“我的那本书”不是mythatbook而是thatbookofmine,因为my和that同是中位限定词,不可并列。但后位限定词的使用却不受此限制。例如:hislasttwobooksthefirsttwochapters中后后中后后twomoresheets后后个别限定词有跨类现象,如such既属于前位限定词,又可归入后位限定词。由于它只是在sucha...和suchan…这样的搭配中属于前位限定词,而在与其他限定词(some,any,no,all,few,another,other,many,one,two等)搭配时,such则是后位限定词,一律放在上述这些限定词的后面,如somesuch,anysuch,nosuch,fewsuch,onesuch等,因此把它归入后位限定词。EXERCISES3.2AChooseanappropriatecombinationofdeterminerstofillineachblank:1.Hediditin__timeittookme.A.theone-thirdB.halfaC.thedoubleD.one-thirdthe2.Isaw__boysatthecinema.A.thebothB.manyaC.boththeD.theseveral3.__candidatesaregirls.A.HalftheB.ThehalfC.TheirhalfD.Halfa4.__friendsusuallyspeakhighlyofhim.A.HissomeB.HismanyC.ManyhisD.SomehisDCAB5.__alloymaybeusedtoreplacecopper.A.SuchaB.SomesuchC.SuchsomeD.Severalsuch6.Areyougoingtobuy__rice?A.alltheseB.theseallC.allthisD.boththese7.__dictionaryisenoughforme.A.SuchoneB.OnesuchC.SuchaoneD.Onesucha8._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