Transcendentalism：-Ralph-Waldo-Emerson-Emerson-and

TranscendentalismEmersonandThoreau频烈秃拨赂骤眶击匡诀述讨硕攫渡油罪辊巫趁俺想纤谰圭犹契皋民研源樱Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗GrowthandDevelopment•NewEnglandTranscendentalism”or“AmericanRenaissance”(1836-1855)•thefirstAmericanintellectualmovement;thesummitofAmericanRomanticism•Centre:BostonandConcord(Emerson’shome)•thebeginningoftranscendentalism:1836,NaturebyEmerson:anewwayofintellectualthinkinginAmerica疚舷赡鹅汀犹跌戏肖热魄冤寿丽拓马肩兰树署迁椭卒闹操梭峭满氢绚追帛Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Emerson’sDefinition•TheuniverseiscomposedofNatureandtheSoul.Spiritispresenteverywhere”----Emerson•“Transcendentalism:“WhatispopularlycalledTranscendentalismamongusisidealism;idealismappearsin1842…whateverbelongstotheclassofintuitivethought…”-------Emerson屁赌南契捐形丝初诧耶又癸煌厅耻伊爸蚌犬舱膘念绳汗腮之盔狐铱搐腺绣Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗1842:theTranscendentalismClub:TheDial•NewEnglanders:Emerson,Thoreau,BronsonAlcott,andMargaretFuller,teachersandclergymen•Transcendentalism:derivedfromtheLatinverb“transcendere”meaning“toriseabove”“ortopassbeyondlimits”•therecognitioninmanofthecapacityofacquiringknowledgetranscendingthereachofthefivesenses,orofknowingtruthintuitively,orofreachingthedivinewithouttheneedofanintercessor.游卢急圾霞穿财坊甘经叔炸讥埠雹稳祖瞻漠稚胜精斜运淀蚜贯舶排泄储予Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗•Thetranscendentallawwasthe“morallaw”throughwhichmandiscoveredthenatureofGodasalivingspirit.拟椿芒桅螟蜜撅涵蒂刀啡方惕森解架囤乾齿赚查医甘秀瘁笛愚篇撵其扣挽Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗6pointsformajorconcepts•Intuition:Thepowerofintuition:peoplecouldlearnthingsbothfromtheoutsideworldbymeansofthefivesensesandfromtheinnerworldbyintuition.Everyonehasaccwsstoasourceofknowledgethattranscendedtheeverydayexperiencesofsensationandreflection.Intuitionwasinnerlightwithin.瑞络汞参叁啡企郴征稗齐托毕群补蜕宝寺支蔓赊郁卯跑碳翁权诡贷嚏抨烂Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗•Spirit:Asromanticidealism,itplacesspiritfirstandmattersecond.Bothspiritandmatterwererealbutthattherealityofspiritwasgreaterthanthatofmatter.Spirittranscendedmatters,andthepermanentrealitywasthespiritualone.Itstressedessencebehindappearance.虹啃锋俭楼蚌择宾铸脐没宣旭骸俱榴挂慑危咙尊滓怖崭针险港狱杖肆媒蔫Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗•Nature:ItlooknatureasasymbolofspiritorGod.Itstressedunityofhumanityandnature.Allthingsinnatureweresymbolsofthespiritual,ofGod’spresence.Naturewasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpresence.Everythingintheuniversewasviewedasanexpressionofthedivinespirit.Beyondphysicalobjectswasauniversalsoul.“oversoul.”NaturewasGod’senlightenmenttowardhumanbeings.Naturecanexerciseahealthyinfluenceonhumanmind,sopeopleshouldcomeclosetonatureforinstructions.Naturenotonlyshowedhumanityitswonmaterialitymantaughtmanmorality.Nature’sbeautywasthebeautyofhumankind.劝誓附跌刨胸还酝铡仓则哨赊侠僵绵糠蒸试避神摆屑诉牡牢国宴钮驼捻忍Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗•Individualism:Thesignificanceoftheindividual.Theindividualsoulcouldcommunicatewithgod,soitisdivine.ItcanreachGodwithoutthehelpofchurchesorclergy.Theindividualwasthemostimportantelementinsocietyandthattheidealkindofindividualwasself-reliantandunselfish.Peopleshoulddependonthemselvesforspiritualperfection.ThedignityofindividualremainsavitalpartofAmericancreedeventoday.喘袱舰心质豫遥下汁蝎省辽勘聚型碉涸尼尺较昆撵彪有耗让滋溪岁莎什葡Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗•“Oversoul”:Religionwasanemotionalcommunicationbetweenandindividualsoulandtheuniversal“Oversoul”the“oversoul”wasanall-pervadingunitaryspiritualpowerofgoodness,omnipresentandomnipotent,fromwhichallthingscameandofwhicheveryonewasapart.Itexistedinnatureandinhumanityalikeandconstitutedthechiefelementoftheuniverse.Generally,theOversoulreferredtospiritorGodasthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.Theuniversalbrotherhoodofhumanity,andtheultimateresolutionofallsocialproblems.•Asimpleandspiritual-orientedlife缉暇默杭锌僳幂抠火舅诣谚纹谆氨讯芒鸣渍赚淳凄习圈郡翼歇稍海偏迭很Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Transcendentalism：RalphWaldoEmersonEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau：超验主义：艾默生和梭罗Influence:romanticidealismonPuritansoil•DualHeritageofAmericanPuritanism•EdwardofnotionofinwardcommunicationofthesoulwithGodanddivinesymbolismofnatureallfindadequateexpressioninEmerson’sTranscendentalism.•Franklin’s