演讲的艺术-chapter-6

StephenE.LucasCHAPTERMcGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.6SupportingYourIdeasbyAdaPanOct.2012Slide2McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.PurposesofSupportingMaterialsTeaispopular.Largequantitiesofteaareconsumedbypeoplearoundtheglobe.Teaissecondonlytowaterastheworld’smostconsumedbeverage.Moreteaisconsumedeachyearthanallothermanufactureddrinksintheworldputtogether,includingcoffee,chocolate,softdrinksandalcohol.Totalteaconsumptionis4billionkilogramsannually.Slide3McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.LearningObjectives:•Supportingyourideasby:examplesstatisticstestimonySlide4McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.KeyTerms•Supportingmaterialsexample(brief,extended,hypothetical)Statistics(single,multiple)Testimony(expert,peer)ŐŐŐSlide5McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.PurposesofSupportingMaterials•Clarity•Vividness•CredibilitySlide6McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.TypesofSupportingMaterials•1•2•3Slide7McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.Examples•Brief•Extended•Actual•HypotheticalSlide8McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.Tipsforusingexamples•Makeexamplesvividandrichlytextured•ReinforceexampleswithstatisticortestimonySlide9McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.Narration•Personal•Third-person•SecondSlide10McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.Statistics•Single•Multiple•Tips:Slide11McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.Statistics•Don’trelyexclusivelyonstatistics.•Userepresentativestatistics•Identifythesourcesofstatistics•Formreliablesources•Roundoff.•Explainstatistics•Usepresentationalaids.•Stresstheirimpact.Slide12McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.Testimony•Directquotation•ParaphraseSlide13McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.TestimonyTips:QuoteorparaphraseQuoteorparaphraseaccuratelyFormqualified/unbiasedsourcesIdentifythepeopleyouquoteorparaphraseSlide14McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.TestsofEvidence•Istheevidencequotedincontext?•Isthesourceoftheevidenceanexpert?•Isthesourceoftheevidenceunbiased?•Istheevidencerelevanttothepoint?•Istheevidencespecific?•Istheevidencesufficienttoprovethepoint?•Istheevidencetimely?Slide15McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.EvaluatingElectronicInformation•Purpose•Expertise•Objectivity•Accuracy•TimelinessSlide16McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.CitingYourSources“Oralfootnotes”...•Enhancethecredibilityofwhatyousay.•Helplistenersfindsources.Slide17McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.Slide18McGraw-Hill©2007StephenE.Lucas.Allrightsreserved.