Argumentative-essays-英语议论文写作

AnArgumentativeEssayHowto...BeforeWriting...Brainstormideasonthesubject.Identifythemaintopics.Usethesetopicsasheadingsfororganisingyournotes.Decidewhichsideyouareoni.e.whichargumentsaremostconvincing.Makesureyouchoosethesidethatyoucanfullysupport.Planandwriteanoutlineforyouressaynotingdowntheinformationyouwillincludeineachparagraph.ExampleOutlineThesisStatement:Becauseofitscost,riskandalternatives,thebuildingofnuclearreactorsshouldnotcontinue.TopicSentence1:Thefirstproblemwithnuclearreactorsistheircost.TopicSentence2:Anotherproblemistheseriousconsequencesofaccidents.Refutation:Somepeoplemightclaimthatthereisnorealalternativetonuclearpower.ConcludingStatement:Inshort,althoughnuclearpowerisanattractiveoption,ithastoomanydisadvantages.IntroductoryParagraphYourintroductionshould:IntroducethetopicwithageneralstatementStatewhyitisimportantStatethereisadifferenceofopinionaboutthistopicThesisstatementmuststatewhatYOURclaimisandcanincludethe“parts”oftheargumentyouaregoingtostate.ExampleIntroductoryParagraphTherehasbeenmuchdiscussionabouttheuseofnuclearpowereversincethefirstreactorwasbuilt.Peoplewhosupportnuclearpowerthinkthatitprovidesacheapandeffectivemeansofsupplyingenergyneeds.However,inrealityitisnotcheapatallandthedangersarewell-knownaftertheaccidentsatChernobylandThreeMileIsland.Thefactisthatnuclearpowerisatried,testedandfailedtechnology.Becauseofitscost,riskandalternatives,thebuildingofnuclearreactorsshouldnotcontinue.BodyParagraphsArgumentsfor:Thereasons“parts”ofyourthesisstatementwillbeinyourbodyparagraphs.Giveclearargumentsforyourclaimwithsupport(examples,statistics,explanations,etc.)Usetransitionwordsasyoumovefromparagraphtoparagraph(Firstly,secondly,furthermore,inaddition,moreover,finally).Youcanalsouseanyofthetransitionsfromtheotheressaytypesaslongastheyareappropriateforyourargument.(Youmaywanttocompare/contrastthings,givereasons/results,descriptions,definitionsetc.)RefutationParagraphThisisalsousedtosupportyourclaim.Usethecounterargumentstoshowthatyourideaisthestrongerone.Donotfocusonlyontheopposingideas.UsefulwordsandphrasesWhenyoucanthinkoftheopposingopinionbutyouhavenotseenitwrittenanywhere:couldbeclaimedItmaybeassertedthat...However,mightbearguedUsefulwordsandphrasescontd.Whenyouhaveseentheopposingopinionwritteninanothertext:claimedIthasbeenassertedthat...However,arguedExampleRefutationSomepeoplemightclaimthatthereisnorealalternativetoanewgenerationofnuclearreactors.However,combinedheatandpowerunits,whichgenerateelectricity,arealreadyeconomicalforlargehousesorblocksofflatsandsmallerunitswillbeonthemarketnextyear.Localgenerationofelectricityeliminatestheenormouslossesofwastedheatinelectricitygenerationbyfossilfuelsornuclearreactors.Windturbinesandsolarcellsontheroofcanalsoprovidehomesolutionsandwillbecomemoreeconomicalascostscomedownwithmassproduction.ConcludingparagraphYourconclusionshould:RestatethemainclaimPresentoneortwogeneralsentenceswhichaccuratelysummariseyourargumentswhichsupportthemainpremiseProvideageneralwarningoftheconsequencesofnotfollowingthepremisethatyouputforwardand/orageneralstatementofhowthecommunitywillbenefitfromfollowingthatpremiseYourturnChooseoneofthetopicsbelow,brainstormandwriteathesisstatement.UsinganimalsforscientificandmedicalresearchKillinganimalsforfoodCloninghumans